Efnisyfirlit

• Title Page
• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface
• CIA Exam Study Preparation Resources
• CIA Exam-Taking Tips and Techniques
• CIA Exam Content Specifications
• Domain 1: Governance and Business Ethics (5–15%)
  • Corporate/Organizational Governance Principles
    • Corporate Governance Definition
    • Corporate Governance Principles
    • Corporate Governance Issues
    • Board of Directors' Duties
    • Basic Ethical and Legal Principles for Managers, Executives, Officers, and Board of Directors
    • Need for Board's Independence
    • Insider Trading Scandals
    • Board Member Liabilities
    • Roles of the Chief Executive Officer
    • Improving Corporate Governance
    • Global Practices in Corporate Governance
    • Role of Internal Audit in Corporate Governance Process
  • Roles and Responsibilities of the Audit Committee
    • Types of Audits in Governance
  • Business Ethics
    • Scope of Ethics Management
    • Interactions between Law, Ethics, and Economics
    • Codes of Conduct
    • Financial Disclosures
    • Key Ethical Principles
    • Types of Ethics
    • Normative Approach versus Descriptive Approach
    • Models of Management Ethics
    • Roles and Responsibilities of Gatekeepers
    • Ethics Audit
  • Corporate Social Responsibility
    • Definition of Corporate Social Responsibility
    • Economic Responsibilities
    • Legal Responsibilities
    • Ethical Responsibilities
    • Philanthropic Responsibilities
    • Social Audit
    • Pyramid Layers of Corporate Social Responsibility
• Domain 2: Risk Management (10–20%)
  • Corporate Risk Management
    • Risk Management Methodology
    • Various Types of Risks
    • Risk Management Tools
    • Best Practices in Managing Corporate Risks
  • Enterprise Risk Management
    • ERM Definition
    • Approaches and Dimensions to ERM
    • Alternative Risk-Transfer Tools
    • Implementation of ERM
    • Internal Auditing Role in ERM Implementation
• Domain 3: Organizational Structures, Business Processes, and Risks (15–25%)
  • Risk/Control Implications of Different Organizational Structures
    • Organization Defined
    • Classifying Organizations
    • Theories of Organization
    • Theories of Organizing
  • Types of Organizational Structures
    • Contingency Design Alternatives
    • Types of Departmentalization
    • Functional Departments
    • Product-Service Departments
    • Geographic Location of Departments
    • Customer Classification of Departments
    • New Organizational Configurations
    • Hourglass Organizations
    • Cluster Organizations
    • Network Organizations
    • Management Structures and Organization Systems
    • Criteria and Determinants of Organizational Effectiveness
  • Schemes in Various Business Cycles
    • Sales Pricing Objectives and Policies
    • Procurement and Supply Chain Management
    • Marketing Product Life Cycles
  • Business Process Analysis
    • Workflow Analysis
    • Bottleneck Management
    • Theory of Constraints
    • Five Focusing Steps
  • Business Process Reengineering and Business Process Improvement
  • Benchmarking
  • Production Process Flows
  • Design of Performance Measurement Systems
  • Performance
  • Productivity
  • Components of Productivity Measurement
  • Criteria for Productivity Improvement
    • Guidelines for Productivity Measurement
    • Improving Productivity
    • Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Economy
  • Balanced Scorecard System
    • BSS Measures
    • BSS Indicators
    • BSS Perspectives
  • Inventory Management Techniques and Concepts
    • Independent Demand Inventory Systems
    • Dependent Demand Inventory Systems
    • Inventory Levels and Profit Levels
    • Investment in Inventory
    • Carrying Costs versus Ordering Costs versus Stock-out Costs
    • Optimal Order Quantity
    • Inventory Reorder Point
    • Inventory Management Decisions
    • Calculating When to Order
    • Safety Stock versus Stock-outs
    • ABC Inventory Control System
    • JIT Strategy
    • Materials Requirements Planning
    • Normal Inventory Deduction versus Backflush Inventory Deduction
    • Kanban Production and Inventory Systems
    • Quick Response Retail Systems
    • Distribution Systems
    • Periodic Review System
    • Sales Replacement System
    • Distribution Requirements Planning
    • Inventory Distribution Methods
    • Warehouse Inventory Control
    • Warehouse Shipments
    • Costs of Alternative Shipping Carriers
    • Forward Logistics versus Reverse Logistics
  • Electronic Data Systems
    • Electronic Commerce
    • Mobile Commerce
    • Electronic Data Interchange
  • Business Development Life Cycles
    • Causes Behind the Business Cycles and Business Activity
    • Consumer Durable Goods
    • Consumer Nondurable Goods
    • Growth Concepts in Business Cycles
  • International Organization for Standardization Framework
    • ISO Framework
    • ISO Certification Process
    • Benefits of ISO 9000 Standards
    • ISO Standards in Quality Management
    • Other ISO Standards
    • Most Popular ISO Standards
  • Outsourcing Business Processes
    • Scope of Outsourcing
    • Examples of Sourcing
    • Reasons for Outsourcing
    • Risks in Outsourcing
    • Benefits of Outsourcing
    • Outsourced Vendor Governance
    • Service-Level Agreements for Outsourced Vendors
• Domain 4: Communication (5–10%)
  • Communication Skills
    • Factors in the Communication Process
    • Formal and Informal Communications
    • Barriers to Communication
    • Organizational Dynamics in Communication
  • Stakeholder Relationships
    • Scope of Stakeholder Relationships
    • Initiatives of Shareholders and Corporations
    • Shareholder Lawsuits
    • Protecting Employees from Whistleblowing Actions
    • Dealing with Purchasing Agents, Buyers, or Commodity/Service Experts
    • Dealing with Marketing and Salespeople
    • Handling Related Parties and Third Parties
    • Examples of Related-Party Transactions
    • Handling Business Mergers, Acquisitions, and Divestitures
• Domain 5: Management and Leadership Principles (10–20%)
  • Strategic Management
    • Strategic Management Process
    • Grand Strategy
    • Strategy Formulation
    • Strategy Implementation
    • Strategic Control
  • Strategic Planning Process
    • Organizational Mission
    • Organizational Objectives
    • Organizational Strategies
    • Organizational Portfolio Plan
  • Global Analytical Techniques
    • Threat of New Entrants
    • Rivalry Among Existing Firms
    • Pressure from Substitute Products or Services
    • Bargaining Power of Buyers
    • Bargaining Power of Suppliers
  • Porter's Competitive Strategies
    • Competitive Analysis
    • Market Signals
    • Industry Evolution
  • Industry Environments
    • Competitive Strategies Related to Fragmented Industries
    • Competitive Strategies Related to Emerging Industries
    • Competitive Strategies Related to Declining Industries
    • Sources and Impediments to Global Competition
  • Evolution of Global Markets
    • Strategic Alternatives to Compete Globally
  • Strategic Decisions
    • Analysis of Integration Strategies
    • Capacity Expansion
    • Entry into New Businesses
  • Portfolio Techniques of Competitive Analysis
    • BCG Matrix Model
    • GE Model
  • Forecasting
    • Time-Series Analysis
    • Regression Analysis
    • Sensitivity Analysis
    • Simulation Models
  • Quality Management
    • Elements of TQM
    • What Is Different about TQM?
    • Areas of Agreement on Quality
    • Areas Needing Improvement in Quality
    • Definitions and Criteria of Quality
    • What Is the Difference between Big Q and Little q in Quality?
    • Examples of Quality Drivers
    • Quality Assurance, Quality Control, Quality Audit, Quality Circles, and Quality Councils
    • Concurrent Engineering
    • Cost of Quality
    • Quality Metrics
    • Quality Tools
    • Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle
    • Quality Models and Awards
    • Six Sigma Quality Program
  • Decision Analysis
    • Problem Solving
    • Problem-Solving Process
    • Impediments to Problem Solving
    • Problem Solving and Creativity
    • Reasons Why Individuals Solve Problems Differently
    • Prospective and Retrospective Methods in Problem Solving
    • Tools and Techniques for Problem Solving
    • Considerations of Problem Solving: Traits and Behaviors
  • Decision Making
    • Many Facets of Decision Making
    • Decision-Making Models
    • Types of Data Used in Decision Making
    • Types of Decisions
    • Pure Strategy and Mixed Strategy in Decision Making
    • Tools and Techniques for Decision Making
    • Decision Making versus Problem Solving
  • Organizational Behavior
    • Organizational Theory
    • Motivation Defined
    • Motivation Theories: Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory
    • Motivation Theories: Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
    • Motivation Theories: Expectancy Theory
    • Motivation Theories: Goal-Setting Theory
    • Motivation Strategies: Motivation through Job Design
    • Motivation Strategies: Motivation through Rewards
    • Motivation Strategies: Motivation through Employee Participation
    • Motivation Strategies: Motivation through Work Schedules and Services
  • Group Dynamics
    • How Groups Think and Make Decisions
    • Group Behaviors
    • Factors Affecting Group Decisions
    • Stages of Group Development
    • Organizational Politics
    • Criteria and Determinants of Group Effectiveness
  • Human Resource Management
    • Purpose of Policies
    • Recruiting Policy
    • Employee Selection Policy
    • Equal Employment Opportunity Policy
    • Transfers and Promotions Policy
    • Performance Appraisals Policy
    • Pay Administration Policy
    • Bonus Incentives Policy
    • Wage Garnishments Policy
    • Records Retention Policy
    • Safety Policy
  • Risk/Control Implications of Different Leadership Styles
    • Control Environment Factors
    • Incentives and Temptations for Engaging in Illegal and Improper Acts
    • Employee Empowerment
  • Management Skills
    • Management Skills Defined
    • Management Functions
    • Management Types
    • Managerial Roles
    • Manager's Information-Processing Styles
    • Leadership Theories
    • Leadership Categories
    • Big Five Personality Factors for Leaders
    • Role of Leaders in Employee Development
  • Team Building
    • Role of Worker as Individual or Team Member
    • Individuals in Group Context
    • Group Structures
    • Methods Used in Team Building
    • Assessing Team Performance
    • How Many Teams Are There?
    • How Many Committees Are There?
  • Negotiation and Conflict Management
    • Negotiating Skills
    • Process of Negotiation
    • What Is Negotiation?
    • Why Opposition to Negotiation?
    • Elements of Negotiation
    • Modes of Negotiations
    • Compromise versus Collaboration in Negotiations
    • Best Alternative to a Negotiating Agreement
    • Added-Value Negotiating
    • Specific Steps to Achieve AVN
    • Conflict Management
    • Collaborative Problem Solving in Conflict
    • Alternatives to Collaborative Problem Solving
    • What Is the Solution for Interpersonal Differences Causing Conflict?
  • Project Management and Change Management
    • Project Management Techniques
    • Project Management's Basic Guidelines
    • Project Controls
    • Project Organization
    • Problems in Project Management
    • Project Scheduling Techniques
    • PERT Approach
    • PERT Time Dimensions
    • Project Governance Mechanisms
    • Project Management Audit
  • Change Management Techniques
    • Agents of Change
    • How to Change
    • Types of Organizational Change
    • Resistance to Organization Change
    • Factors in the Change Process
    • Organizational Development as a Change Program
• Domain 6: Information Technology and Business Continuity (15–25%)
  • Security
    • Information Security Objectives
    • Information Security Controls
    • Information Security Policies
    • Security Impact Analysis
    • Key Concepts to Remember in Information Security
  • System Security
    • Access Controls
    • Access Control Principles
    • Access Rights and Permissions
    • Access Control Polices
    • Summary of Specific Access Control Policies and Techniques
  • Firewalls
    • Firewall Purpose
    • Firewall Technology
    • Limitations of Firewalls
    • Firewall Management
    • Advantages of Firewalls
    • Disadvantages of Firewalls
  • Routers
    • Router Purpose
    • Router Accounts and Passwords
    • Routing Table Integrity
    • Router Packet Filtering and Logging
    • Router Configuration Management
  • Sensors
  • Hardware and Software Guards
    • Guards Purpose
    • Guard Technology
    • Guard Implementations
    • Attacks on Guards
  • Demilitarized Zones
    • DMZ Purpose
    • DMZ Architecture
  • Information Protection
    • Risks to Data and Information
    • Threats and Vulnerabilities in Data and Information
    • Summary of Information Protection Methods
    • Privacy Management
    • Privacy Risks
    • Privacy Impact Assessments
    • Compliance with Privacy Laws and Information Protection Laws and Regulations
  • Identification and Authentication
    • Basic I&A Mechanisms
    • Examples of Weak and Strong I&A Methods
    • Principal Forms of Authentication
    • Authorization Mechanisms
    • Application Authentication Techniques for System Users
    • Application Authentication Techniques for Devices
    • Identity Management and Privilege Management
    • Integrating Identification and Authentication Methods
    • Two-Factor Authentication Methods
    • Three-Factor Authentication Methods
    • Four-Factor Authentication Methods
  • Encryption
    • Foundational Concepts
    • Methods of Encryption
    • Types of Encryption
    • Modes of Encryption
    • Alternatives to Encryption
    • Basic Types of Cryptographic Key Systems
    • Basic Uses of Cryptography
    • Digital Signatures
    • Cryptographic Mechanisms to Protect Data-at-Rest
    • Cryptographic Mechanisms to Protect Data-in-Transit
    • Alternatives to Cryptography
    • Summary of Encryption Methods
  • Application Development
    • Traditional Approaches to Develop or Acquire Systems
    • Software Acquisition Methodology
    • Models in Information System Development
    • Tools for Information Systems Development
    • Alternative Approaches to Develop or Acquire Software
    • Due Care and Due Diligence Reviews in Software Development and Acquisition
    • Software Assurance, Safety, Security, and Quality
    • Software Testing Objectives, Approaches, Methods, and Controls
    • Software Reviews, Inspections, Traceability Analysis, and Walkthroughs
    • Categories of Malware Inserted During Software Development and Maintenance Work
    • Program Change Management and Control
    • Difference Between Version Control and Version Management
    • End-User Computing
    • Knowledge-Based Systems
  • System Infrastructure
    • Information Technology Control Frameworks
    • Summary of Information Technology Control Frameworks
    • Operating Systems, Mainframe Computers, Terminals, Workstations, and Servers
  • Database Systems
    • Database Management Systems Software
    • Database Considerations
    • Data Dictionary Systems Software
    • Data Warehouse
    • Database versus Data Warehouse
    • Data Marts
    • Data Mart versus Data Warehouse
    • Data Mining
    • Data Mining versus Data Auditing
    • Virtual Databases
    • Online Analytical Processing
    • Structured Query Language
    • Cloud Computing Systems
    • Functional Areas of Information Technology Operations
    • Separation of Duties in IT Operations and Other IT Functions
  • Enterprise-Wide Resource Planning System, Customer-Relationship Management System, and Software Lice
    • Enterprise-Wide Resource Planning System
    • Customer-Relationship Management System
    • Software Licensing and Piracy Management
    • Data and Network Communications and Connections
    • Voice over Internet Protocol
    • Private Branch Exchange Systems
    • Plain Old Telephone Service
    • Virtual Private Networks
    • Multimedia Collaborative Computing Networks
    • Ad Hoc Networks
    • Content Delivery Networks
    • Value-Added Networks
    • Wireless Sensor Networks
    • Digital Cellular Networks
    • Peer-to-Peer Networks
    • Converged Networks
    • Optical Networks
    • Body Area Networks
    • Radio Frequency Identification Networks
    • Network Connections
    • Proxies and Reverse Proxies
    • Modems
    • Port Protection Devices
    • Multiplexers
    • Hardware Controllers
    • Protocol Converters
    • Protocol Analyzers
    • Backbone Network
    • How Do Networks Get Connected?
    • Concentrators
    • Hubs
    • Connectors
    • Network Interface Cards
    • Front-End Processors
    • Network Nodes
    • Which Network Uses What Topology?
    • Sockets
    • Ports
    • Subnets
    • Portals
    • Wireless Devices
    • Wireless Access Points
    • Domain Controller
    • Programmable Logic Controller
    • Quality of Service and Quality of Protection
    • Ways to Improve the QoS and QoP
  • Business Continuity
    • Business Focused Continuity Management
    • Information Technology Focused Continuity Management
    • Computer Security Incident Management
    • Contingency Planning Strategies
    • Disaster Recovery Planning
    • Develop Recovery Site Strategies
    • Service-Level Agreements for Alternate Recovery Sites
    • Implementation, Documentation, Training, and Testing
    • Contingency Plan Maintenance
    • Relationship of Business Continuity Management to ISO Standards
• Domain 7: Financial Management (13–23%)
  • Financial Accounting and Finance: Basic Concepts of Financial Accounting
    • Accounting Principles and Qualities of Accounting Information
    • Accounting Cycle
    • Different Formats of Financial Statements
  • Intermediate Concepts of Financial Accounting
    • Bonds
    • Leases
    • Pensions
    • Intangible Assets
    • Research and Development
  • Advanced Concepts of Financial Accounting
    • Business Combinations
    • Consolidation of Financial Statements
    • Partnerships
    • Foreign Currency Transactions
  • Financial Statement Analysis
    • Types of Financial Statement Analysis
    • Limitations of Financial Statement Ratios
  • Types of Debt and Equity
    • Types of Debt
    • Types of Equity
    • Common Stocks
    • Preferred Stock
  • Financial Instruments
    • Currency Derivatives
    • Swaps
    • Credit Derivatives
    • Hidden Financial Reporting Risk
  • Cash Management
    • Cash Controls
    • Cash Items Excluded
    • Bank Reconciliation
    • Float
    • Hedging
    • Controls Over Cash
    • Cash Account Balances
    • Payables
    • Receivables
    • Electronic Techniques to Control Cash
    • Management of Current Assets
    • Cash Conversion Cycle Model
    • Working Capital Asset Investment Policies
    • Working Capital Financing Policies
    • Management of Cash
    • Cash Management Efficiency Techniques
    • Management of Marketable Securities
  • Valuation Models
    • Inventory Valuation
    • Financial Asset Valuation
    • Business Valuation
  • Capital Budgeting
    • Methods to Rank Investment Projects
    • Regular Internal Rate of Return
    • Modified Internal Rate of Return
    • Postaudit of Capital Projects
    • Project Cash Flows and Risk Assessment
    • Capital Rationing
    • International Capital Budgeting
  • Cost of Capital Evaluation
    • Cost of Debt
    • Cost of Preferred Stock
    • Cost of Retained Earnings
    • Cost of Common Stock
    • Weighted-Average and Marginal Cost of Capital Concepts
    • Issues in Cost of Capital
  • Taxation Schemes
    • Tax Shelters
    • Examples of Taxation Schemes
    • Differences between Tax Reporting and Financial Reporting
  • Mergers, Acquisitions, and Divestitures
    • Types of Mergers
    • Merger Analysis
    • Types of Divestitures
    • Leveraged Buyouts
    • Holding Companies
    • Role of Investment Bankers in Mergers and Acquisitions
    • Role of Regulators in Mergers and Acquisitions
  • Managerial Accounting: General Concepts
  • Costing Systems
    • Target Costing
    • Traditional Costing
    • Activity-Based Costing
    • Just-in-Time Costing
    • Standard Costing
  • Cost Concepts
    • Absorption and Variable Costing Methods
    • Management's Use of Absorption and Variable Costing Methods
    • Technical Aspects of Absorption and Variable Costing Methods
    • Other Cost Concepts
    • Cost Behavior
    • Assumptions Underlying Cost Classifications
    • Cost Estimation Approaches
  • Relevant Costs
    • Differential Analysis
    • Application of Relevant Cost Concept
  • Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
    • Methods for Calculating Break-Even Point (BEP)
    • Graphic Method
    • CVP Assumptions and Their Limitations
    • Ways to Lower the BEP
    • Sensitivity Analysis in CVP Model
    • Changes in Variable and Fixed Costs on CVP Analysis
    • Contribution Margin versus Gross Margin
    • Profit-Volume Chart versus CVP Chart
    • Effect of Sales Mix and Income Taxes on CVP
  • Transfer Pricing
    • Transfer Pricing Methods
    • Transfer Pricing Management
    • Dual Pricing in Transfer Pricing
    • International Transfer Pricing
    • Transfer Pricing Choices
    • Taxes and Transfer Pricing
  • Responsibility Accounting
    • Accountability of Managers
    • Responsibility Centers
  • Operating Budgets
    • Operating Budget Systems
    • Benefits of Operating Budgets
    • Different Dimensions in Operating Budgets
    • How Operating Budgets Are Prepared
    • Operating Budgeting Techniques
    • Advantages of Operating Budgets
    • Limitations of Operating Budgets
• Domain 8: Global Business Environment (0–10%)
  • Economic/Financial Environments
    • International Organization Structures
    • Information Flows and Organization Structures of MNCs
    • Models of Multinational Business
    • Types of International Strategies
    • International Strategic and Tactical Objectives
    • Technology and Global Strategy
    • Forms of International Business and Marketing Strategies
    • Trade
    • Government Controls over Trade
    • Trade Liberalization and the World Trade Organization
    • Intellectual Property Rights and International Licensing Agreements
    • Foreign Direct Investment
  • Cultural/Political Environments
    • Different Local/Regional Cultures
    • Global Manager's Dilemma
    • Regional Cultures
    • Global Communication Insights
    • General Characteristics of the Emerging Work Culture
    • Cross-Cultural Negotiations
    • How to Avoid Failure in International Negotiations?
    • How Much Must One Know about the Foreign Culture in Negotiations?
    • Strategic Planning for International Negotiations
    • Ethical Constraints in Foreign Negotiations
    • International Management Theories
    • Global Mindsets
  • Legal and Economic Concepts
    • Definition of Contracts
    • Requirements of Contracts
    • Classification of Contracts
    • Other Types of Contracts
    • Nature of Key Economic Indicators
    • Specific Types of Key Economic Indicators
    • Other Types of Key Economic Indicators
    • Methods of Measuring Economic Performance
  • Impact of Government Legislation and Regulation on Business
    • Governmental Legislation and Regulation
    • Government's Monitoring of Environmental Issues
    • Specific Trade Legislation and Regulations
    • Methods, Restrictions, and Barriers of International Trade
    • Methods of Restricting the Trade via Tariffs
    • Methods of Restricting the Trade via Import Quotas
    • Methods of Restricting the Trade via Domestic Content Laws
    • Methods of International Trade: Export Promotion Programs
    • Methods of International Trade: Trade Agreements
    • Methods of International Trade: Technology Policies
    • Theory of Comparative Advantage
    • International Laws: World Trade Organization
    • International Laws: North American Free Trade Agreement
    • International Laws: European Union
    • International Laws: Other Regional Groups
• Appendix: Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  • Title II—Auditor Independence
    • Section 201: Services Outside the Scope of Practice of Auditors
  • Title III—Corporate Responsibility
    • Section 301: Public Company Audit Committees
    • Section 302: Corporate Responsibility for Financial Reports
    • Section 304: Forfeiture of Certain Bonuses and Profits
    • Section 308: Fair Funds for Investors
  • Title IV—Enhanced Financial Disclosures
    • Section 404: Management Assessment of Internal Controls
    • Section 406 (c): Code of Ethics
    • Section 407: Disclosure of Audit Committee Financial Expert
• About the Author
• Index
• EULA

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