Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Dedication
• The Authors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• The McGraw-Hill Series Economics
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Part I: Introduction and Key Concepts
  • Chapter 1: Introduction
    • Urban Economics and Cities
    • Census Definitions
      • Urban Population
      • Metropolitan Area aka Core-Based Statistical Area
      • Principal City
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 2: Key Concepts of Urban Economics
    • Opportunity Cost
    • Marginal Principle
    • Nash Equilibrium
      • Nash Equilibrium in a Model of Supply and Demand
      • Nash Equilibrium in Location
      • Nash Equilibrium and Spatial Variation in Prices
    • Comparative Statics
      • Comparative Statics for Choice Variables
      • Comparative Statics for Market Equilibrium
    • Pareto Efficiency
      • Pareto Efficiency in an Exchange Economy
      • Market Equilibrium and Pareto Efficiency
      • Pareto Inefficiency in the Urban Economy
    • Self-Reinforcing Changes
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
• Part II: Market Forces in the Development of Cites
  • Chapter 3: Trading and Factory Towns
    • A Model of Backyard Production
    • Comparative Advantage and a Trading Town
      • Comparative Advantage and Trade
      • Scale Economies in Exchange, Trading Firms, and Trading Towns
      • Trading Cities in Urban History
    • Scale Economies and a Factory Town
      • The Price of Factory Shoes
      • The Market Area of a Factory
      • Factory Towns
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 4: Agglomeration Economies
    • Agglomeration Economies
      • Sharing an Intermediate Input
      • Tapping a Common Labor Pool
      • Skills Matching
      • Sharing Knowledge
      • Other Benefits of City Size
    • Equilibrium Size of a Cluster
      • Agglomeration Diseconomies
      • Equilibrium vs. Efficient Cluster Size
    • Empirical Evidence and Examples
      • Empirical Evidence for Agglomeration Economies
      • Economic Effects of Million-Dollar Plants
      • Evidence of Knowledge Spillovers
      • Single-Industry Clusters
      • Corporate Headquarters and Functional Specialization
      • Agglomeration and the Product Cycle: The Radio Industry in New York
      • Nursery Cities
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 5: Where Do Cities Develop?
    • Transport-Intensive Firms
      • Resource-Oriented Firms
      • Market-Oriented Firms
    • The Principle of Median Location
      • Illustration: Intercity Location Choice
      • The Median Location and Large Cities
      • Transshipment Points and Port Cities
    • Labor, Energy, and Agglomeration Economies
      • Labor Cost
      • Energy Technology
      • Agglomeration Economies
      • U.S. Manufacturing Belt—Growth and Decline
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 6: Consumer Cities and Central Places
    • Monopolistic Competition in Location
      • Structure of Monopolistic Competition
      • Effects of Market Entry
    • Cities as Entertainment Machines
      • Minimum Market Size
      • City Size and Product Variety
      • Cities as Entertainment Machines
    • Central Place Theory
      • Simplifying Assumptions
      • The Central Place Hierarchy
      • Insights from Central Place Theory
      • Relaxing the Assumptions
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 7: Cities in a Regional Economy
    • Urban Utility and City Size
      • The Urban Utility Curve
      • Regional Equilibrium: Cities Are Not Too Small
      • Regional Equilibrium: Cities May Be Too Large
      • Regional Equilibrium: Efficient Cities?
    • Differences in City Size
      • Equilibrium City Sizes in a Regional Economy
      • The Rank-Size Rule
    • Urban Economic Growth
      • Innovation and Regionwide Utility
      • Human Capital and Economic Growth
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 8: The Urban Labor Market
    • Urban Labor Supply and Demand
      • The Labor Supply Curve
      • The Labor Demand Curve
      • The Employment Multiplier
      • Multipliers in Small and Large Cities
    • Comparative Statics: Changes in Demand and Supply
      • Market Effects of an Increase in Labor Demand
      • Who Gets the New Jobs?
      • Market Effects of an Increase in Labor Supply
      • Simultaneous Changes in Demand and Supply
    • Public Policy: Taxes and Sports
      • Taxes and Firm Location Choices
      • Tax Incentive Programs
      • Geographically Targeted Subsidies: Empowerment and Enterprise Zones
      • Sport Stadiums and Mega-Events
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 9: The First Cities
    • Jericho
    • Catalhoyuk
    • Babylonia
      • The Ecological Setting
      • Religious Beliefs
      • Religious Offerings and Temple Enterprises
      • Transactions and Writing
    • References and Reading
• Part III: Urban Land Use and Housing
  • Chapter 10: Land Rent and Manufacturing Land
    • Fertility and the Leftover Principle
      • Land Rent, Market Value, and the Price of Land
      • Willingness to Pay for Agricultural Land
      • Competition and the Leftover Principle
    • Manufacturing: Land Price and Location
      • Freight Cost versus Labor Cost
      • The Intracity Truck
      • Intercity Truck and Highways in a Beltway City
      • Manufacturing Rent and the Spatial Distribution of Manufacturing
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 11: Office Space and Tall Buildings
    • The Price of Office Space
      • Interaction Travel Cost for Office Firms
      • Willingness to Pay for Office Space
      • Labor Accessibility, Wages, and the Willingness to Pay for Office Space
      • Office Subcenters
    • Building Height and Land Prices
      • The Price of Office Space and Building Height
      • Profit-Maximizing Building Height
      • The Willingness to Pay for Land
      • Input Substitution
    • Skyscraper Games
      • A Model of Competition to Be the Tallest
      • Nash Equilibrium versus Pareto Efficiency
    • The Spatial Distribution of Office Activity
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 12: Housing Prices and Residential Land Use
    • Job Accessibility
      • Utility Maximization with Commuting Cost and Housing
      • Commuting Distance and the Price of Housing
      • The Convex Housing-Price Curve
      • The Algebra of the Convex Housing-Price Curve
      • Job Accessibility within a Metropolitan Area
    • Crime, Environmental Quality, Schools
      • Crime and Housing Prices
      • Air Quality and Housing Prices
      • School Productivity and Housing Prices
    • Housing Production and the Price of Residential Land
      • Profit-Maximizing Quantity of Housing
      • The Price of Residential Land
    • Population Density
      • Sources of Variation in Population Density
      • Population Density within Cities
      • Population Density across Cities
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 13: Spatial Distribution of Employment and Residence
    • The Spatial Distribution of Employment and Residence
      • Commuting Patterns
      • Five-Kilometer Shares and Median Locations
      • Employment Density
      • Employment Subcenters
    • Suburbanization and Sprawl
      • Decentralization of Population
      • Sprawl and Density Facts
      • The Consequences of Low Density
      • Policy Responses to Sprawl?
    • Review and Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 14: The Monocentric City and Urban General Equilibrium
    • The Monocentric Model
      • The Industrial Revolution and the Monocentric City
      • Land Use in the Monocentric City
      • Centralized Employment
    • General-Equilibrium Model
      • Interactions between the Land and Labor Markets
      • The General Equilibrium Effects of the Streetcar
      • The Streetcar and Land Rent
      • Changes in Employment and Residential Density
      • The General Equilibrium Effects of Rising Sea Level
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 15: Neighborhoods
    • Segregation: Income, Education, Race
      • Income Segregation
      • Education Segregation
      • Racial Segregation
    • Sorting for Local Public Goods
      • Diversity in Demand for Local Public Goods
      • Diversity in the Demand for the Taxed Good
    • Bidding for Favorable Neighbors
      • A Model of Bidding for Favorable Neighbors
      • Mixing and Perfect Integration
      • Land Prices and Locational Equilibrium
      • Lot Size and Public Policy
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 16: Land Use Policy
    • Zoning: History & Legal Basis
      • A Brief History of Zoning in the United States
      • The Legal Basis for Zoning
    • The Role of Zoning
      • Zoning to Mitigate Environmental Externalities
      • Zoning to Prevent Fiscal Deficits
      • Zoning to Mitigate Density Externalities
      • The Market Effects of Low-Density Zoning
    • Limits on Residential Development
      • Limits on Building Permits
      • Development Taxes
      • Growth Boundary
      • The Market Effects of Land-Use Regulations
    • Growth Control and Labor Markets
      • Residential Limits and the Urban Economy
      • An Urban Growth Boundary and the Regional Economy
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 17: Urban Housing and Public Policy
    • Filtering: Durability and Submarkets
      • The Filtering Model of Housing
      • Supply of High-Quality Housing
      • Supply of Low-Quality Housing
      • Applying the Filtering Model: Limit on Building Permits
      • Filtering and Gentrification
    • Supply-Side Public Policy
      • Public Housing
      • Subsidies for Private Housing
      • Filtering and Crowding Out
    • Demand-Side Public Policy
      • Housing Vouchers and Efficiency
      • The Market Effects of Vouchers
      • Subsidies for Mortgage Interest
    • Homelessness and Public Policy
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
• Part IV: Urban Transportation
  • Chapter 18: Cars and Roads
    • Congestion Externalities
      • The Cost of Travel: External, Private, and Social
      • Market Equilibrium vs. Efficient Outcome
      • The Congestion Tax
    • Implementing a Congestion Tax
      • Implementing a Congestion Tax
      • Value Pricing and HOT Lanes
    • Environmental Externalities
      • Externality Tax versus Gasoline Tax
      • The Market Effects of a Gasoline Tax
    • Externalities from Traffic Accidents
      • Social Cost of Traffic Accidents
      • Inefficiency from Underpricing Accident Costs
      • Safety Equipment and Risk Compensation
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 19: Urban Public Transit
    • Modal Choice: Individual Traveler
      • Trip Cost for Alternative Modes
      • A Numerical Example of Modal Choice
      • Elasticities of Demand for Public Transit
    • The Cost and Pricing of Public Transit
      • Cost Curves for Transit Systems
      • Efficient Ridership and Pricing
      • Transit Subsidies
    • Choosing a Transit System
      • Ridership and Average Cost
      • Light Rail versus Buses
      • Privatization
      • Transit Systems and Land-Use Patterns
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
• Part V: Local Government, Education, and Crime
  • Chapter 20: The Role of Local Government
    • Role of Local Government
      • Three Roles for Government
      • Local Government in a Federal System
    • Local Public Goods: Efficiency and Mechanisms
      • The Efficient Level of a Local Public Good
      • Majority Rule and the Decisive Median Voter
      • Benefit Taxation
      • The Tiebout Model: Voting with Feet
    • A Closer Look at the Median-Voter Result
      • The Median Voter in a Representative Democracy
      • Implications of the Median-Voter Result
      • Limitations of the Median-Voter Result
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 21: Local Government Revenue
    • The Property Tax
      • A Simple Model of the Residential Property
      • The Land Portion of the Property Tax
      • Structure Portion: Partial-Equilibrium
      • Structure Portion: A General-Equilibrium Approach
      • Changing the Assumptions
    • From Models to Reality
      • Rental Property Owners and Homeowners
      • Practical Guide for Policy Makers
      • The Tiebout Model and the Property Tax
      • Property Tax Limitations
    • Intergovernmental Grants
      • Lump-Sum Categorical Grants
      • Matching Grants
      • The Flypaper Effect
      • Welfare Reform: Matching Grants to Lump-Sum Grants
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 22: Education
    • Spending and Achievement
    • The Education Production Function
      • Peer Effects
      • School Inputs: The Value-Added of Teachers
      • School Inputs: Teachers and Class Size
      • Teacher Compensation and Productivity
      • Innovations in Charter Schools
      • Overall Effects of Educational Spending
    • Spending Inequalities and Public Policy
      • Intergovernmental Grants: Foundation Plans
      • Response to a Foundation Grant
      • Matching Grants: Guaranteed Tax Base
      • Effects of Equalization Plans on Spending and Achievement Inequalities
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 23: Crime and Public Policy
    • Crime Facts
    • A Model of the Rational Criminal
      • Expected Utility from Crime
      • Certainty Equivalent and the Crime Decision
      • Income and Criminal Behavior
      • Anguish Costs and Internal Penalties
      • Insights from Neuroscience
    • Public Policy and Crime
      • Investment in Human Capital
      • The Certainty of Punishment
      • The Severity of Punishment
      • The Role of Prisons
    • The Efficient Level and Mix of Crime
      • The Efficient Amount of Crime
      • Occupational Choice and Marginal Deterrence
    • Review the Concepts
    • Apply the Concepts
    • References and Reading
  • Chapter 24: Models of Microeconomics
    • Input Choice: Cost Minimization
      • Production Function and Isoquants
      • Production Cost and Cost Minimization
      • Input Substitution
    • Consumer Choice
      • Utility Maximization
      • Individual and Market Demand Curves
    • Perfect Competition: Supply and Demand
      • Long-Run Supply Curve for Constant-Cost Industry
      • Long-Run Equilibrium for a Constant-Cost Industry
      • The Long-Run Equilibrium for an Increasing-Cost Industry
    • Uncertainty
      • Expected Monetary Value and Expected Utility
      • Certainty Equivalent
      • Loss Aversion and Certainty Equivalent
• Index

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