Efnisyfirlit

• Introduction
  • About This Book
  • Conventions Used in This Book
  • What You’re Not to Read
  • Foolish Assumptions
  • How This Book Is Organized
    • Part I: Covering the Basics in Thermodynamics
    • Part II: Employing the Laws of Thermodynamics
    • Part III: Planes, Trains, and Automobiles: Making Heat Work for You
    • Part IV: Handling Thermodynamic Relationships, Reactions, and Mixtures
    • Part V: The Part of Tens
  • Icons Used in This Book
  • Where to Go from Here
• Part I: Covering the Basics in Thermodynamics
  • Chapter 1: Thermodynamics in Everyday Life
    • Grasping Thermodynamics
    • Examining Energy’s Changing Forms
      • Kinetic energy
      • Potential energy
      • Internal energy
    • Watching Energy and Work in Action
      • Engines: Letting energy do work
      • Refrigeration: Letting work move heat
    • Getting into Real Gases, Gas Mixtures, and Combustion Reactions
    • Discovering Old Names and New Ways of Saving Energy
  • Chapter 2: Laying the Foundation of Thermodynamics
    • Defining Important Thermodynamic Properties
      • Eyeing general measurement basics
      • Mass
      • Pressure
      • Temperature
      • Density
      • Energy
      • Enthalpy
      • Specific heat
      • Entropy
    • Understanding Thermodynamic Processes
      • Creating a path for a process
      • Finding the state at each end of a path: The state postulate
      • Connecting processes to make a cycle
    • Discovering Nature’s Law and Order on Temperature, Energy, and Entropy
      • The zeroth law on temperature
      • The first law on energy conservation
      • The second law on entropy
      • The third law on absolute zero
  • Chapter 3: Working with Phases and Properties of Substances
    • It’s Just a Phase: Describing Solids, Liquids, and Gases
      • The phase diagram
      • The T-v diagram
      • The P-v diagram
    • Knowing How Phase Changes Occur
      • From compressed liquid to saturated liquid
      • From saturated liquid to saturated vapor
      • From saturated vapor to superheated vapor
    • Finding Thermodynamic Properties from Tables
      • Figuring out linear interpolation
      • Interpolating with two variables
    • Good Gases Have Ideal Behavior
  • Chapter 4: Work and Heat Go Together Like Macaroni and Cheese
    • Work Can Do Great Things
      • Working with springs
      • Turning a shaft
      • Accelerating a car
      • Moving with pistons
      • Figuring out boundary work
    • Heating Things Up, Cooling Things Down
      • Getting hot with boilers
      • Cooling off with condensers
      • Chilling with evaporators
• Part II: Employing the Laws of Thermodynamics
  • Chapter 5: Using the First Law in Closed Systems
    • Conserving Mass in a Closed System
    • Balancing Energy in a Closed System
    • Applying the First Law to Ideal-Gas Processes
      • Working with constant volume
      • Working with constant pressure
      • Working with constant temperature
      • Working with an adiabatic process
    • Applying the First Law to Processes with Liquids and Solids
  • Chapter 6: Using the First Law in Open Systems
    • Conserving Mass in an Open System
      • Defining mass and volumetric flow rates
      • Applying conservation of mass to a system
    • Balancing Mass and Energy in a System
    • When Time Stands Still: The Steady State Process
    • Using the First Law on Four Common Open-System Processes
      • Flowing through nozzles and diffusers
      • Working with pumps, compressors, and turbines
      • Moving energy with heat exchangers
      • Reducing pressure with throttling valves
    • When Time Is of the Essence: The Transient Process
      • Making assumptions for the energy balance
      • Analyzing a transient process
  • Chapter 7: Governing Heat Engines and Refrigerators with the Second Law
    • Looking at the Impact of the Second Law
    • Defining Thermal Energy Reservoirs
      • Parameters of a thermal reservoir
      • Considering highs and lows
    • Working with the Kelvin-Planck Statement on Heat Engines
      • Characterizing heat engines
      • Determining thermal efficiency
    • Chilling with the Clausius Statement on Refrigeration
      • Characterizing refrigerators
      • Finding the coefficient of performance
  • Chapter 8: Entropy Is the Demise of the Universe
    • What Is Entropy?
      • Taking a microscopic view of entropy
      • Looking at entropy on a macroscopic level
    • Coping with the Increase in Entropy Principle
    • Working with T-s Diagrams
    • Using T-ds Relationships
    • Calculating Entropy Change
      • For pure substances
      • For liquids and solids
      • For ideal gases
    • Analyzing Isentropic Processes
      • Using constant specific heat
      • Using relative pressure and relative volume
    • Balancing Entropy in a System
  • Chapter 9: Analyzing Systems Using the Second Law of Thermodynamics
    • Measuring Work Potential with Energy Availability
    • Determining the Change in Availability
      • Calculating availability in closed systems
      • Calculating availability in open systems with steady flow
      • Calculating availability in open systems with transient flow
    • Balancing the Availability of a System
      • Transferring availability using work processes
      • Transferring availability with heat transfer processes
      • Transferring availability with mass flow
    • Understanding the Decrease in Availability Principle
    • Figuring Out Reversible Work and Irreversibility
    • Calculating the Second-Law Efficiency of a System
• Part III: Planes, Trains, and Automobiles: Making Heat Work for You
  • Chapter 10: Working with Carnot and Brayton Cycles
    • Analyzing the Ideal Heat Engine: The Carnot Cycle
      • Examining the four processes in a Carnot cycle
      • Calculating Carnot efficiency
    • Working with the Ideal Gas Turbine Engine: The Brayton Cycle
      • Examining the four processes in a Brayton cycle
      • Analyzing the Brayton cycle
      • Determining Brayton cycle efficiency
      • Calculating Brayton cycle irreversibility
    • Improving the Brayton Cycle with Regeneration
    • Adding Intercooling and Reheating to the Brayton Cycle
      • Looking at how intercooling and reheating affect the Brayton cycle
      • Analyzing the effects of intercooling and reheating
    • Deviating from Ideal Behavior: Actual Brayton Cycle Performance
    • Flying the Brayton Cycle in Jet Propulsion
      • Seeing what happens in an ideal turbojet cycle
      • Analyzing the jet engine cycle
  • Chapter 11: Working with Otto and Diesel Cycles
    • Understanding the Basics of Reciprocating Engines
    • Working with the Ideal Spark Ignition Engine: The Otto Cycle
      • Analyzing the Otto cycle
      • Calculating Otto cycle efficiency
      • Calculating Otto cycle irreversibility
    • Working with the Ideal Compression Ignition Engine: The Diesel Cycle
      • Examining the four processes in a diesel cycle
      • Analyzing the Diesel cycle
      • Calculating diesel cycle efficiency
      • Calculating diesel cycle irreversibility
  • Chapter 12: Working with Rankine Cycles
    • Understanding the Basics of the Rankine Cycle
    • Examining the Four Processes of the Rankine Cycle
    • Analyzing the Cycle Using Steam Tables
      • Calculating Rankine cycle efficiency
      • Calculating Rankine cycle irreversibility
    • Improving the Rankine Cycle with Reheat
    • Improving the Rankine Cycle with Regeneration
    • Deviating from Ideal Behavior: Actual Rankine Cycle Performance
  • Chapter 13: Cooling Off with Refrigeration Cycles
    • Understanding the Basics of Refrigeration Cycles
    • Chilling with the Reverse Brayton Cycle
      • Examining the four processes of the reverse Brayton cycle
      • Analyzing the cycle with constant specific heat
      • Calculating the reverse Brayton cycle coefficient of performance
      • Calculating irreversibility for Brayton’s refrigerator
    • Cooling with the Vapor-Compression Refrigerator
      • Examining the four processes in a vapor-compression refrigerator
      • Analyzing the cycle with refrigerant property tables
      • Calculating the vapor-compression refrigerator coefficient of performance
      • Calculating vapor-compression refrigerator irreversibility
    • Warming Up with Heat Pumps
      • Examining the four processes in a heat pump
      • Analyzing a heat pump
      • Calculating the heat pump coefficient of performance
      • Calculating heat pump irreversibility
• Part IV: Handling Thermodynamic Relationships, Reactions, and Mixtures
  • Chapter 14: Understanding the Behavior of Real Gases
    • Deviating from Ideal-Gas Behavior: Real-Gas Behavior
    • Determining Properties with the Compressibility Factor
      • Using reduced temperature and pressure
      • Using pseudo-reduced volume
    • Finding Pressure with van der Waals
  • Chapter 15: Mixing Gases That Don’t React with Each Other
    • Determining Thermodynamic Properties for a Mixture of Gases
      • Using mass and molar fractions for gas mixtures
      • Finding properties of a gas mixture
    • Getting the Compressibility Factor for Real-Gas Mixtures
      • Making assumptions for mixture compressibility factors
      • Finding compressibility factors with Amagat’s law
      • Finding compressibility factors with Dalton’s law
      • Calculating compressibility factors with Kay’s Rule
    • Working with Psychrometrics: Air and Water Vapor Mixtures
      • Finding the wet-bulb temperature with a sling psychrometer
      • It’s muggy out there: Calculating specific and relative humidity
      • My glasses are fogging up: Defining the dew point
      • Working out problems with temperature and humidity
      • Using the psychrometric chart
    • Making Life Comfortable with Air Conditioning
      • Heating and humidifying the air
      • Cooling and dehumidifying the air
  • Chapter 16: Burning Up with Combustion
    • Forming Combustion Reaction Equations
      • Figuring out how much air you need: Writing stoichiometric reaction equations
      • Accounting for excess air in combustion
    • Defining Combustion-Related Thermodynamic Properties
      • Enthalpy of formation
      • Enthalpy of combustion
    • Using the First Law of Thermodynamics on Steady-Flow Combustion Systems
    • Analyzing an Example Steady-Flow System
    • Using the First Law of Thermodynamics on Closed Combustion Systems
    • Analyzing an Example Closed System
    • Ouch! That’s Hot: Determining the Adiabatic Flame Temperature
    • Figuring Out an Example Adiabatic Flame Temperature
• Part V: The Part of Tens
  • Chapter 17: Ten Famous Names in Thermodynamics
    • George Brayton
    • Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
    • Anders Celsius
    • Rudolf Diesel
    • Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
    • James Prescott Joule
    • Nikolaus August Otto
    • William John Macquorn Rankine
    • William Thomson or Lord Kelvin
    • James Watt
  • Chapter 18: Ten More Cycles of Note
    • Two-Stroke Engines
    • Wankel Engines
    • The Stirling Cycle
    • The Ericsson Cycle
    • The Atkinson Cycle
    • The Miller Cycle
    • The Absorption Cycle
    • The Einstein Cycle
    • Combined-Cycle Engines
    • Binary Vapor Cycles
• Appendix: Thermodynamic Property Tables
• Cheat Sheet
• More Dummies Products
• End User License Agreement

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