Technical Drawing with Engineering Graphics
Lýsing:This full-color text offers a clear, complete introduction and detailed reference for...
9.990 kr.
Lýsing:
This full-color text offers a clear, complete introduction and detailed reference for creating 3D models and 2D documentation drawings. Building on its reputation as a trusted reference, this edition expands on the role that 3D CAD databases now play in design and documentation. Superbly integrated illustrations, text, step-by-step instructions, and navigation make it easier than ever to master key skills and knowledge.
Throughout, the authors demonstrate 3D and 2D drawing skills and CAD usage in real-world work practice in today's leading disciplines. They combine strong technical detail, real-world examples, and current standards, materials, industries, and processes-all in a format that is efficient, colorful, and visual. Features: Splash Spread: Appealing chapter opener provides context and motivation. References and Web Links: Useful weblinks and standards provided upfront in each chapter.
Understanding Section: Foundational introductions, tabbed for easy navigation, outline each topic's importance, use, visualization tips, and theory. Detail Section: Detailed, well-tested explanations of drawing techniques, variations, and examples-organized into quick-read sections, numbered for easy reference. CAD at Work Section: Breakout pages offer tips on generating drawings from 2D or 3D models.
Portfolio Section: Examples of finished drawings show how techniques are applied in the real world. Key Words: Italicized on first reference, summarized after each chapter. Chapter: Summaries and Review Questions: Efficiently reinforce learning. Exercises: Outstanding problem sets with updated exercises, including parts, assembly drawings from CAD models, sketching problems, and orthographic projections.
Annað
- Höfundar: Frederick E. Giesecke, Shawna Lockhart, Marla Goodman, Cindy M. Johnson
- Útgáfa:16
- Útgáfudagur: 2023-02-16
- Engar takmarkanir á útprentun
- Engar takmarkanir afritun
- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9780138065638
- Print ISBN: 9780138065720
- ISBN 10: 0138065632
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover Page
- About This eBook
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- About this Book
- Updated Content
- Teaching/Learning Features
- Preface
- Online Resources
- Acknowledgments
- Pearson’s Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
- Contents
- Chapter One: The Worldwide Graphic Language for Design
- Understanding the Role of Technical Drawings
- 1.1 Graphics Tools in Action
- 1.2 Rapid Prototyping
- 1.3 Drafting Standards
- 1.4 Creativity Techniques
- 1.5 Product Definition
- 1.6 Showing the Design Process in a Portfolio
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Reverse Engineering Projects
- Chapter Two: Layouts and Lettering
- Understanding Projection
- 2.1 Alphabet of Lines
- 2.2 Freehand Lines
- 2.3 Measurement Systems
- 2.4 Drawing Scale
- 2.5 Specifying the Scale on a Drawing
- 2.6 Lettering
- 2.7 Lettering Standards
- 2.8 Using Guidelines for Hand Lettering
- 2.9 Vertical and Inclined Letters and Numerals
- 2.10 Fractions
- 2.11 Spacing of Letters and Words
- 2.12 Lettering for Titles
- 2.13 Drawing Pencils
- 2.14 Templates
- 2.15 CAD Tools
- 2.16 Sketching and Drawing Media
- 2.17 Standard Sheets
- 2.18 Standard Layout Elements
- 2.19 Layouts
- 2.20 Planning Your Drawing or Sketch
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Three: Visualization and Sketching
- Understanding Solid Objects
- Understanding Sketching Techniques
- 3.1 Technique of Lines
- 3.2 Sketching Straight Lines
- 3.3 Sketching Circles, Arcs, and Ellipses
- 3.4 Maintaining Proportions
- 3.5 One-View Drawings
- 3.6 Pictorial Sketching
- 3.7 Projection Methods
- 3.8 Axonometric Projection
- 3.9 Isometric Projection
- 3.10 Isometric Drawings
- 3.11 Making an Isometric Drawing
- 3.12 Offset Location Measurements
- 3.13 Hidden Lines and Centerlines
- 3.14 Angles in Isometric
- 3.15 Irregular Objects
- 3.16 Curves in Isometric
- 3.17 True Ellipses in Isometric
- 3.18 Orienting Ellipses in Isometric Drawings
- 3.19 Drawing Isometric Cylinders
- 3.20 Screw Threads in Isometric
- 3.21 Arcs in Isometric
- 3.22 Spheres in Isometric
- 3.23 Oblique Sketches
- 3.24 Length of Receding Lines
- 3.25 Choice of Position in Oblique Drawings
- 3.26 Ellipses for Oblique Drawings
- 3.27 Angles in Oblique Projection
- 3.28 Sketching Assemblies
- 3.29 Sketching Perspectives
- 3.30 Curves and Circles in Perspective
- 3.31 Shading
- 3.32 Computer Graphics
- 3.33 Drawing on Drawing
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Sketching Exercises
- Chapter Four: Geometry for Modeling and Design
- Coordinates for 3D CAD Modeling
- Geometric Entities
- 4.1 Manually Bisecting a Line or Circular Arc
- 4.2 Drawing Tangents to Two Circles
- 4.3 Drawing an Arc Tangent to a Line or Arc and Through a Point
- 4.4 Bisecting an Angle
- 4.5 Drawing a Line Through a Point and Parallel to a Line
- 4.6 Drawing a Triangle With Sides Given
- 4.7 Drawing a Right Triangle With Hypotenuse and One Side Given
- 4.8 Laying Out an Angle
- 4.9 Drawing an Equilateral Triangle
- 4.10 Polygons
- 4.11 Drawing a Regular Pentagon
- 4.12 Drawing a Hexagon
- 4.13 Ellipses
- 4.14 Spline Curves
- 4.15 Geometric Relationships
- 4.16 Solid Primitives
- 4.17 Recognizing Symmetry
- 4.18 Extruded Forms
- 4.19 Revolved Forms
- 4.20 Irregular Surfaces
- 4.21 User Coordinate Systems
- 4.22 Transformations
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Skills Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Five: Modeling and Design
- Refinement and Modeling
- Kinds of Models
- 5.1 2D Models
- 5.2 3D Models
- 5.3 Types of 3D Models
- 5.4 Constraint-Based Modeling
- 5.5 Constraints Define the Geometry
- 5.6 Planning Parts for Design Flexibility
- 5.7 Sketch Constraints
- 5.8 The Base Feature
- 5.9 Editing the Model
- 5.10 Constraint-Based Modeling Modes
- 5.11 Choosing the Right Modeling Method
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Six: Orthographic Projection
- Understanding Projection
- 6.1 Hidden Line Technique
- 6.2 Precedence of Lines
- 6.3 Centerlines
- 6.4 Laying Out a Drawing
- 6.5 Developing Views from 3D Models
- 6.6 Visualization
- 6.7 Views of Surfaces
- 6.8 Normal Surfaces
- 6.9 Inclined Surfaces
- 6.10 Oblique Surfaces
- 6.11 Edges
- 6.12 Normal Edges
- 6.13 Inclined Edges
- 6.14 Oblique Edges
- 6.15 Parallel Edges
- 6.16 Angles
- 6.17 Vertices
- 6.18 Interpreting Points
- 6.19 Interpreting Lines
- 6.20 Similar Shapes of Surfaces
- 6.21 Interpreting Views
- 6.22 Models
- 6.23 Projecting a Third View
- 6.24 Becoming a 3D Visualizer
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Seven: 2D Drawing Representation
- Practices for 2D Documentation Drawings
- 7.1 Visualizing and Drawing Complex Cylindrical Shapes
- 7.2 Cylinders When Sliced
- 7.3 Cylinders and Ellipses
- 7.4 Intersections and Tangencies
- 7.5 Fillets and Rounds
- 7.6 Runouts
- 7.7 Conventional Edges
- 7.8 Necessary Views
- 7.9 Partial Views
- 7.10 Alignment of Views
- 7.11 Removed Views
- 7.12 Right-Hand and Left-Hand Parts
- 7.13 Revolution Conventions
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Eight: Section Views
- Understanding Sections
- 8.1 Placement of Section Views
- 8.2 Labeling Cutting Planes
- 8.3 Line Precedence
- 8.4 Rules for Lines in Section Views
- 8.5 Cutting-Plane Line Style
- 8.6 Section-Lining Technique
- 8.7 Half Sections
- 8.8 Broken Out Sections
- 8.9 Revolved Sections
- 8.10 Removed Sections
- 8.11 Offset Sections
- 8.12 Ribs in Section
- 8.13 Aligned Sections
- 8.14 Partial Views
- 8.15 Intersections in Sections
- 8.16 Conventional Breaks and Sections
- 8.17 Assembly Sections
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Nine: Auxiliary Views
- Understanding Auxiliary Views
- 9.1 Using Triangles to Sketch Auxiliary Views
- 9.2 Using Grid Paper to Sketch Auxiliary Views
- 9.3 Using CAD to Create Auxiliary Views
- 9.4 Circles and Ellipses in Auxiliary Views
- 9.5 Hidden Lines in Auxiliary Views
- 9.6 Partial Auxiliary Views
- 9.7 Half Auxiliary Views
- 9.8 Reverse Construction
- 9.9 Auxiliary Sections
- 9.10 Viewing-Plane Lines and Arrows
- 9.11 Uses of Auxiliary Views
- 9.12 True Length of a Line
- 9.13 Point View of a Line
- 9.14 Edge View of a Plane
- 9.15 True Size of an Oblique Surface
- 9.16 Dihedral Angles
- Understanding Developments and Intersections
- 9.17 Developments
- 9.18 Hems and Joints for Sheet Metal and Other Materials
- 9.19 More Examples of Developments and Intersections
- 9.20 Transition Pieces
- 9.21 Triangulation
- 9.22 Developing a Transition Piece Connecting Rectangular Pipes on the Same Axis
- 9.23 Developing a Plane and a Sphere
- 9.24 Revolution
- 9.25 Primary and Successive Revolutions
- 9.26 True Length of a Line: Revolution Method
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Ten: Modeling for Manufacture and Assembly
- Design for Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly, and Service
- 10.1 Assembly Models
- 10.2 Assemblies and Design
- 10.3 Assemblies and Simulation
- 10.4 Parts for Assemblies
- 10.5 Using Your Model to Check Fits
- 10.6 Manufacturing Processes
- 10.7 Dos and Don’ts of Practical Design
- 10.8 Manufacturing Materials
- 10.9 Appearance, Service Life, and Recycling
- 10.10 Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Finish
- 10.11 Net-Shape Manufacturing
- 10.12 Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
- 10.13 Shared Manufacturing
- 10.14 Manufacturing Methods and the Drawing
- 10.15 Modeling for Testing and Refinement
- 10.16 Determining Mass Properties
- 10.17 Exporting Data from the Database
- 10.18 Downstream Applications
- 10.19 Prototyping Your Design
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Skills Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Eleven: Dimensioning
- Understanding Dimensioning
- 11.1 Lines Used in Dimensioning
- 11.2 Using Dimension and Extension Lines
- 11.3 Arrowheads
- 11.4 Leaders
- 11.5 Drawing Scale and Dimensioning
- 11.6 Direction of Dimension Values and Notes
- 11.7 Dimension Units
- 11.8 Millimeter Values
- 11.9 Decimal-Inch Values
- 11.10 Rules for Dimension Values
- 11.11 Rules for Rounding Decimal Dimension Values
- 11.12 Dual Dimensioning
- 11.13 Combination Units
- 11.14 Dimensioning Symbols
- 11.15 Placing and Showing Dimensions Legibly
- 11.16 Superfluous Dimensions
- 11.17 Dimensioning Angles
- 11.18 Dimensioning Arcs
- 11.19 Fillets and Rounds
- 11.20 Size Dimensioning: Prisms
- 11.21 Size Dimensioning: Cylinders
- 11.22 Size Dimensioning: Holes
- 11.23 Applying Standard Dimensioning Symbols
- 11.24 Dimensioning Counterbores and Spotfaces with Fillets
- 11.25 Dimensioning Triangular Prisms, Pyramids, and Cones
- 11.26 Dimensioning Curves
- 11.27 Dimensioning Curved Surfaces
- 11.28 Dimensioning Rounded-End Shapes
- 11.29 Dimensioning Threads
- 11.30 Dimensioning Tapers
- 11.31 Dimensioning Chamfers
- 11.32 Shaft Centers
- 11.33 Dimensioning Keyways
- 11.34 Dimensioning Knurls
- 11.35 Finish Marks
- 11.36 Surface Roughness
- 11.37 Location Dimensions
- 11.38 Mating Dimensions
- 11.39 Coordinate Dimensioning
- 11.40 Tabular Dimensions
- 11.41 Dimensioning for Numerically-Controlled Machining
- 11.42 Machine, Pattern, and Forging Dimensions
- 11.43 Sheet Metal Bends
- 11.44 Notes
- 11.45 Standards
- 11.46 Dos and Don’ts of Dimensioning
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Twelve: Tolerancing
- Understanding Tolerance
- 12.1 Specifying Tolerances
- 12.2 General Tolerance Notes
- 12.3 Limit Tolerances
- 12.4 Plus-or-Minus Tolerances
- 12.5 Tolerance Stacking
- 12.6 Using American National Standard Limits and Fit Tables
- 12.7 Tolerances and Machining Processes
- 12.8 Metric System of Tolerances and Fits
- 12.9 Preferred Sizes
- 12.10 Preferred Fits
- 12.11 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
- 12.12 Symbols for Tolerances of Position and Form
- 12.13 Datum Features
- 12.14 Positional Tolerances
- 12.15 Maximum Material Condition
- 12.16 Tolerances of Angles
- 12.17 Form Tolerances for Single Features
- 12.18 Orientations for Related Features
- 12.19 Using Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
- 12.20 Tolerances and Digital Product Definition
- 12.21 Computer Graphics
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Thirteen: Threads, Fasteners, and Springs
- Understanding Threads and Fasteners
- 13.1 Thread Notes
- 13.2 External Thread Symbols
- 13.3 Internal Thread Symbols
- 13.4 Detailed Representation: Metric, Unified, and American National Threads
- 13.5 Threads in Assembly
- 13.6 Modeling Thread
- 13.7 American National Standard Pipe Threads
- 13.8 Use of Phantom Lines
- 13.9 Tapped Holes
- 13.10 Bolts, Studs, and Screws
- 13.11 Standard Bolts and Nuts
- 13.12 Drawing Standard Bolts
- 13.13 Specifications for Bolts and Nuts
- 13.14 Locknuts and Locking Devices
- 13.15 Standard Cap Screws
- 13.16 Standard Machine Screws
- 13.17 Standard Set Screws
- 13.18 American National Standard Wood Screws
- 13.19 Miscellaneous Fasteners
- 13.20 Keys
- 13.21 Machine Pins
- 13.22 Rivets
- 13.23 Springs
- 13.24 Drawing Helical Springs
- 13.25 Modeling Springs
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Fourteen: Working Drawings
- Working Drawings or Construction Drawings
- 14.1 Subassemblies
- 14.2 Identification
- 14.3 Parts Lists
- 14.4 Assembly Sections
- 14.5 Working Drawing Assembly
- 14.6 Installation Assemblies
- 14.7 Check Assemblies
- 14.8 Working Drawing Formats
- 14.9 Drawing Numbers
- 14.10 Zoning
- 14.11 Checking Drawings
- 14.12 Drawing Revisions
- 14.13 Simplifying Drawings
- 14.14 Patent Drawings
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Fifteen: Drawing Control and Data Management
- Documentation and the Design Database
- 15.1 Requirements for Engineering Documentation
- 15.2 Drawing Control Methods
- 15.3 Good Practices for Electronic Drawing Storage
- 15.4 Drawing Standards
- 15.5 Permission and Ownership
- 15.6 Backing Up Drawing Files
- 15.7 Storage Media
- 15.8 Using the 3D Design Database in Concurrent Engineering
- 15.9 Quality Management
- 15.10 Product Data Management
- 15.11 Managing Work Flow
- 15.12 Data Management and the Web
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Skills Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Sixteen: Gears and Cams
- Understanding Gears
- 16.1 Constructing a Base Circle
- 16.2 The Involute Tooth Shape
- 16.3 Approximate Involute Using Circular Arcs
- 16.4 Spacing Gear Teeth
- 16.5 Rack Teeth
- 16.6 Working Drawings of Spur Gears
- 16.7 Spur Gear Design
- 16.8 Worm Gears
- 16.9 Working Drawings of Worm Gears
- 16.10 Bevel Gears
- 16.11 Bevel Gear Definitions and Formulas
- 16.12 Working Drawings of Bevel Gears
- 16.13 Cams
- 16.14 Displacement Diagrams
- 16.15 Cam Profiles
- 16.16 Offset and Pivoted Cam Followers
- 16.17 Cylindrical Cams
- 16.18 Other Drive Devices
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Seventeen: Electronic Diagrams
- Understanding Electronic Diagrams
- 17.1 Drawing Size, Format, and Title
- 17.2 Line Conventions and Lettering
- 17.3 Standard Symbols for Electronic Diagrams
- 17.4 Abbreviations
- 17.5 Grouping Parts
- 17.6 Arrangement of Electrical/Electronic Symbols
- 17.7 Connections and Crossovers
- 17.8 Interrupted Paths
- 17.9 Terminals
- 17.10 Color Coding
- 17.11 Division of Parts
- 17.12 Electron Tube Pin Identification
- 17.13 Reference Designations
- 17.14 Numerical Values
- 17.15 Functional Identification and Other Information
- 17.16 Integrated Circuits
- 17.17 Printed Circuits
- 17.18 Computer Graphics
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Eighteen: Structural Drawings
- Structural Drawings
- 18.1 Wood Construction
- 18.2 Structural Steel
- 18.3 Structural Steel Shapes
- 18.4 Specifications
- 18.5 Welded and Bolted Connections
- 18.6 Riveted Connections
- 18.7 Frame Beam Connections
- 18.8 Welding
- 18.9 High-Strength Bolting for Structural Joints
- 18.10 Accuracy of Dimensions
- 18.11 Concrete Construction
- 18.12 Reinforced Concrete Drawings
- 18.13 Structural Clay Products
- 18.14 Stone Construction
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Nineteen: Landform Drawings
- Understanding Landform Drawings
- Getting Information for Maps
- 19.1 Symbols
- 19.2 Bearings
- 19.3 Elevation
- 19.4 Contours
- 19.5 City Maps
- 19.6 Structure Location Plans
- 19.7 Highway Plans
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Twenty: Piping Drawings
- Understanding Piping Drawings
- 20.1 Steel and Wrought Iron Pipe
- 20.2 Cast Iron Pipe
- 20.3 Seamless Brass and Copper Pipe
- 20.4 Copper Tubing
- 20.5 Plastic and Specialty Pipes
- 20.6 Pipe Fittings
- 20.7 Pipe Joints
- 20.8 Valves
- 20.9 American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Twenty-One: Welding Representation
- Understanding Weldment Drawings
- Understanding a Welding Symbol
- 21.1 Types of Welded Joints
- 21.2 Types of Welds
- 21.3 Welding Symbols
- 21.4 Fillet Welds
- 21.5 Groove Welds
- 21.6 Back or Backing Welds
- 21.7 Surface Welds
- 21.8 Plug and Slot Welds
- 21.9 Spot Welds
- 21.10 Seam Welds
- 21.11 Projection Welds
- 21.12 Flash and Upset Welds
- 21.13 Welding Applications
- 21.14 Welding Templates
- 21.15 Computer Graphics
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Twenty-Two: Axonometric Projection Online Only
- Understanding Axonometric Projection
- 22.1 Dimetric Projection
- 22.2 Approximate Dimetric Drawings
- 22.3 Trimetric Projection
- 22.4 Trimetric Scales
- 22.5 Trimetric Ellipses
- 22.6 Axonometric Projection Using Intersections
- 22.7 Computer Graphics
- 22.8 Oblique Projections
- 22.9 Ellipses for Oblique Drawings
- 22.10 Offset Measurements
- 22.11 Oblique Dimensioning
- 22.12 Computer Graphics
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Chapter Twenty-Three: Perspective Drawings Online Only
- Understanding Perspectives
- 23.1 Perspective from a Multiview Projection
- 23.2 Nonrotated Side View Method for Perspective
- 23.3 Drawing an Angular Perspective
- 23.4 Position of the Station Point
- 23.5 Location of the Picture Plane
- 23.6 Bird’s-Eye View or Worm’s-Eye View
- 23.7 The Three Types of Perspectives
- 23.8 One-Point Perspective
- 23.9 One-Point Perspective of a Cylindrical Shape
- 23.10 Two-Point Perspective
- 23.11 Three-Point Perspective
- 23.12 Measurements in Perspective
- 23.13 Direct Measurements along Inclined Lines
- 23.14 Vanishing Points of Inclined Lines
- 23.15 Inclined Lines in Perspective, Joining Endpoint Method
- 23.16 Curves and Circles in Perspective
- 23.17 The Perspective Plan Method
- 23.18 Perspective Diagram
- 23.19 Shading
- 23.20 Computer Graphics
- Key Words
- Chapter Summary
- Review Questions
- Chapter Exercises
- Glossary
- Appendices
- 1 List of Standards Organizations
- 2 Abbreviations for Use on Drawings and in Text—American National Standard
- 3 Useful Formulas for Geometric Entities
- 4 Running and Sliding Fits—American National Standard
- 5 Clearance Locational Fits—American National Standard
- 6 Transition Locational Fits—American National Standard
- 7 Interference Locational Fits—American National Standard
- 8 Force and Shrink Fits—American National Standard
- 9 International Tolerance Grades
- 10 Preferred Metric Hole Basis Clearance Fits—American National Standard
- 11 Preferred Metric Hole Basis Transition and Interference Fits—American National Standard
- 12 Preferred Metric Shaft Basis Clearance Fits—American National Standard
- 13 Preferred Metric Shaft Basis Transition and Interference Fits—American National Standard
- 14 Screw Threads, American National, Unified, and Metric
- 15 Twist Drill Sizes—American National Standard and Metric
- 16 Acme Threads, General Purpose
- 17 Bolts, Nuts, and Cap Screws—Square and Hexagon—American National Standard and Metric
- 18 Cap Screws, Slotted and Socket Head—American National Standard and Metric
- 19 Machine Screws—American National Standard and Metric
- 20 Keys—Square, Flat, Plain Taper, and Gib Head
- 21 Screw Threads, Square and Acme
- 22 Woodruff Keys—American National Standard
- 23 Woodruff Key Sizes for Different Shaft Diameters
- 24 Pratt and Whitney Round-End Keys
- 25 Washers, Plain—American National Standard
- 26 Washers, Lock—American National Standard
- 27 Wire Gage Standards
- 28 Taper Pins—American National Standard
- 29 Cotter Pins—American National Standard
- 30 Metric Equivalents
- 31 Welding Symbols and Processes—American Welding Society Standard
- 32 Topographic Symbols
- 33 Piping Symbols—American National Standard
- 34 Heating, Ventilating, and Ductwork Symbols—American National Standard
- 35 Amer. Nat’l Std. Graphical Symbols for Electronic Diagrams
- 36 Form and Proportion of Datum Symbols
- 37 Form and Proportion of Geometric Characteristic Symbols
- 38 Form and Proportion of Geometric Dimensioning Symbols
- 39 Form and Proportion of Modifying Symbols
- 40 Form and Proportion of Dimensioning Symbols and Letterss
- 41 Comparison of Symbols
- 42 Wrought Steel Pipe and Taper Pipe Threads—American National Standard
- 43 Cast Iron Pipe, Thicknesses and Weights—American National Standard
- 44 Cast Iron Pipe Screwed Fittings, 125 LB—American National Standard
- 45 Cast Iron Pipe Screwed Fittings, 250 LB—American National Standard
- 46 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Fittings, 125 LB—American National Standard
- 47 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges, Drilling for Bolts and Their Lengths, 125 LB—American National Standard
- 48 Shaft Center Sizes
- 49 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Fittings, 250 LB—American National Standard
- 50 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges, Drilling for Bolts and Their Lengths, 250 LB—American National Standard
- 51 Types of Scales
- 52 Additional Geometric constructions
- Index
- Credits
UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS
Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.
Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).
Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.
Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.
Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.
Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu
- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 6216
- Útgáfuár : 2023
- Leyfi : 380
