Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Acknowledgments
• Front Cover Photograph
  • Holocene Rock Art from the Northwestern Flanks of the Ennedi Highlands, Eastern Sahara, Chad
  • References
• Foreword
• Preface to the Third Edition
• Chapter 1. Paleoclimatic Reconstruction
  • Abstract
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Sources of Paleoclimatic Information
  • 1.3 Levels of Paleoclimatic Analysis
  • 1.4 Modeling in Paleoclimatic Research
  • References
• Chapter 2. Climate and Climatic Variation
  • Abstract
  • 2.1 The Nature of Climate and Climatic Variation
  • 2.2 The Climate System
  • 2.3 Feedback Mechanisms
  • 2.4 Energy Balance of the Earth and Its Atmosphere
  • 2.5 Timescales of Climatic Variation
  • 2.6 Variations of the Earth’s Orbital Parameters
  • 2.7 Solar Forcing
  • 2.8 Volcanic Forcing
  • References
• Chapter 3. Dating Methods I
  • Abstract
  • 3.1 Introduction and Overview
  • 3.2 Radioisotopic Methods
  • References
• Chapter 4. Dating Methods II
  • Abstract
  • 4.1 Paleomagnetism
  • 4.2 Dating Methods Involving Chemical Changes
  • 4.3 Tephrochronology
  • 4.4 Biological Dating Methods
  • References
• Chapter 5. Ice Cores
  • Abstract
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Stable Isotope Analysis
  • 5.3 Dating Ice Cores
  • 5.4 Paleoclimatic Reconstruction from Ice Cores
  • References
• Chapter 6. Marine Sediments
  • Abstract
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Paleoclimatic Information from Biological Material in Ocean Cores
  • 6.3 Oxygen Isotope Studies of Calcareous Marine Fauna
  • 6.4 Paleotemperatures from Relative Abundance Studies
  • 6.5 Paleotemperature Reconstruction from Sediment Geochemistry
  • 6.6 Oceanographic Conditions at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)
  • 6.7 Paleoclimatic Information from Inorganic Material in Marine Sediments
  • 6.8 Thermohaline Circulation of the Oceans
  • 6.9 Changes in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: The Role of the Oceans
  • 6.10 Abrupt Climate Changes
  • References
• Chapter 7. Loess
  • Abstract
  • 7.1 Chronology of Loess-Paleosol Sequences
  • 7.2 Paleoclimatic Significance of Loess-Paleosol Sequences
  • References
• Chapter 8. Speleothems
  • Abstract
  • 8.1 Isotopic Variations in Speleothems
  • 8.2 Tropical and Subtropical Paleoclimate Variability from Speleothems
  • 8.3 Speleothems and Glacial Terminations
  • 8.4 Millennial to Centennial Scale Changes
  • 8.5 Late Glacial and Holocene Records
  • 8.6 Stalagmite Records of the Last Two Millennia
  • 8.7 Paleoclimatic Information from Periods of Speleothem Growth
  • 8.8 Speleothems as Indicators of Sea-Level Variations
  • References
• Chapter 9. Lake Sediments
  • Abstract
  • 9.1 Sedimentology and Inorganic Geochemistry
  • 9.2 Varves
  • 9.3 Pollen, Macrofossils, and Phytoliths
  • 9.4 Ostracods
  • 9.5 Diatoms
  • 9.6 Stable Isotopes
  • 9.7 Organic Biomarkers
  • References
• Chapter 10. Nonmarine Geologic Evidence
  • Abstract
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Periglacial Features
  • 10.3 Snowlines and Glaciation Thresholds
  • 10.4 Mountain Glacier Fluctuations
  • 10.5 Lake-level Fluctuations
  • References
• Chapter 11. Insects and Other Biological Evidence from Continental Regions
  • Abstract
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Insects
  • 11.3 Former Vegetation Distribution from Plant Macrofossils
  • 11.4 Peat
  • References
• Chapter 12. Pollen
  • Abstract
  • 12.1 Introduction
  • 12.2 The Basis of Pollen Analysis
  • 12.3 Pollen Rain as a Representation of Vegetation Composition and Climate
  • 12.4 Quantitative Paleoclimatic Reconstructions Based on Pollen Analysis
  • 12.5 Paleoclimatic Reconstruction from Long Quaternary Pollen Records
  • References
• Chapter 13. Tree Rings
  • Abstract
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 Fundamentals of Dendroclimatology
  • 13.3 Dendroclimatic Reconstructions
  • 13.4 Isotopic Dendroclimatology
  • References
• Chapter 14. Corals
  • Abstract
  • 14.1 Coral Records of Past Climate
  • 14.2 Paleoclimate from Coral Growth Rates
  • 14.3 Luminescence in Corals
  • 14.4 δ18O in Corals
  • 14.5 δ13C in Corals
  • 14.6 Δ14C in Corals
  • 14.7 Trace Elements in Corals
  • 14.8 Fossil Coral Records
  • References
• Chapter 15. Historical Documents
  • Abstract
  • 15.1 Introduction
  • 15.2 Historical Records and Their Interpretation
  • 15.3 Regional Studies Based on Historical Records
  • 15.4 Records of Climate Forcing Factors
  • 15.5 Climate Paradigms for the Last Millennium
  • References
• Appendix A. Further Considerations on Radiocarbon Dating
  • A.1 Calculation of Radiocarbon Age and Standardization Procedure
  • A.2 Fractionation Effects
  • References
• Appendix B. Internet Resources in Paleoclimatology
• References
• Index

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