Natural Hazards
Höfundar: Edward A. Keller, Duane E. DeVecchio
7.490 kr.
Lýsing:
The new revised fifth edition of Natural Hazards remains the go-to introductory-level survey intended for university and college courses that are concerned with earth processes that have direct, and often sudden and violent, impacts on human society. The text integrates principles of geology, hydrology, meteorology, climatology, oceanography, soil science, ecology, and solar system astronomy. The textbook explains the earth processes that drive hazardous events in an understandable way, illustrates how these processes interact with our civilization, and describes how we can better adjust to their effects.
Written by leading scholars in the area, the new edition of this book takes advantage of the greatly expanding amount of information regarding natural hazards, disasters, and catastrophes. The text is designed for learning, with chapters broken into small consumable chunks of content for students. Each chapter opens with a list of learning objectives and ends with revision as well as high-level critical thinking questions.
A Concepts in Review feature provides an innovative end-of-chapter section that breaks down the chapter content by parts: reviewing the learning objectives, summary points, important visuals, and key terms. New case studies of hazardous events have been integrated into the text, and students are invited to actively apply their understanding of the five fundamental concepts that serve as a conceptual framework for the text.
Annað
- Höfundar: Edward A. Keller, Duane E. DeVecchio
- Útgáfa:5
- Útgáfudagur: 2019-03-29
- Hægt að prenta út 2 bls.
- Hægt að afrita 2 bls.
- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781351673709
- Print ISBN: 9781138352216
- ISBN 10: 135167370X
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover
- Half Title
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Brief Contents
- Table of Contents
- About the Authors
- Preface
- 1 Introduction to Natural Hazards
- 1.1 Why Studying Natural Hazards Is Important
- Processes: Internal and External
- Hazard, Disaster, or Catastrophe
- Death and Damage Caused by Natural Hazards
- 1.2 The Role of History in Understanding Hazards
- 1.3 The Geologic Cycle
- The Tectonic Cycle
- The Rock Cycle
- The Hydrologic Cycle
- Biogeochemical Cycles
- 1.4 Fundamental Concepts for Understanding Natural Processes as Hazards
- 1 Science helps us predict hazards.
- Science and Natural Hazards
- Hazards Are Natural Processes
- Forecast, Prediction, and Warning of Hazardous Events
- 2 Knowing hazard risks can help people make decisions.
- Risk as a Concept
- Risk Management
- 3 Linkages exist between natural hazards.
- 4 Humans can turn disastrous events into catastrophes.
- Examples of Disasters in Densely Populated Areas
- Population Growth as a Factor in Hazards
- Magnitude and Frequency of Hazardous Events
- 5 Consequences of hazards can be minimized.
- Reactive Response: Impact of and Recovery from Disasters
- Anticipatory Response: Avoiding and Adjusting to Hazards
- CASE STUDY 1.1 Professional Profile: Professor Robert Bea, University of California, Berkeley
- 1.5 Many Hazards Provide a Natural Service Function
- 1.6 Global Climate Change and Hazards
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.1 Why Studying Natural Hazards Is Important
- 2.1 Internal Structure of Earth
- 2.2 Plate Tectonics
- Movement of the Tectonic Plates
- Types of Plate Boundaries
- Rates of Plate Motion
- 2.3 A Detailed Look at Seafloor Spreading
- Paleomagnetism
- Hot Spots
- 2.4 Pangaea and Present Continents
- 2.5 How Plate Tectonics Works: Putting It Together
- 2.6 Plate Tectonics and Hazards
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 3.1 Introduction to Earthquakes
- Faults and Faulting
- 3.2 The Earthquake Processes
- The Earthquake Cycle
- Seismic Waves
- Tectonic Creep and Slow Earthquakes
- CASE STUDY 3.1 Nepal (Gorkha) Earthquake: Forecasting a Catastrophe
- 3.3 Earthquake Shaking
- Earthquake Magnitude
- Earthquake Intensity
- Depth of Focus
- Direction of Rupture
- Distance to the Epicenter
- Local Geologic Conditions
- CASE STUDY 3.2 Earthquake Catastrophes: Lessons Learned
- 3.4 Geographic Regions at Risk from Earthquakes
- Plate Boundary Earthquakes
- Intraplate Earthquakes
- CASE STUDY 3.3 Survivor Story: Magnitude 8.8 Earthquake and Tsunami on the Coast of Chile
- 3.5 Effects of Earthquakes and Linkages with Other Natural Hazards
- Shaking and Ground Rupture
- CASE STUDY 3.4 The Denali Fault Earthquake: Estimating Potential Ground Rupture Pays Off
- Liquefaction
- Regional Changes in Land Elevation
- Landslides
- Fires
- Disease
- 3.6 Natural Service Functions of Earthquakes
- Groundwater and Energy Resources
- Mineral Resources
- Landform Development
- Future Earthquake Hazard Reduction
- 3.7 Human Interaction with Earthquakes
- Earthquakes Caused by Human Activity
- 3.8 Minimizing the Earthquake Hazard
- The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program
- Estimation of Seismic Risk
- Short-Term Prediction
- CASE STUDY 3.5 A Closer Look: Paleoseismic Earthquake Hazard Evaluation
- The Future of Earthquake Prediction
- Earthquake Warning Systems
- 3.9 Perception of and Adjustment to the Earthquake Hazard
- Perception of the Earthquake Hazard
- CASE STUDY 3.6 Professional Profile: Andrea Donnellan, Earthquake Forecaster
- Community Adjustments to the Earthquake Hazard
- Personal Adjustments: Before, During, and After an Earthquake
- Applying the 5 Fundamental Concepts
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 4.1 Introduction to Tsunamis
- How Do Earthquakes Cause a Tsunami?
- CASE STUDY 4.1 Survivor Story: Tsunami in the Lowest Country on Earth
- How Do Landslides Cause a Tsunami?
- 4.2 Geographic Regions at Risk from Tsunamis
- CASE STUDY 4.2 Indonesian Tsunami
- Tsunami Three Centuries Ago
- 4.3 Effects of Tsunamis and Linkages with Other Natural Hazards
- 4.4 Natural Service Functions of Tsunamis
- 4.5 Human Interaction with Tsunamis
- 4.6 Minimizing the Tsunami Hazard
- Detection and Warning
- Structural Control
- Tsunami Runup Maps
- Land Use
- Probability Analysis
- Education
- Tsunami-Ready Status
- 4.7 Perception and Personal Adjustment to Tsunami Hazard
- CASE STUDY 4.3 Professional Profile: Jose Borrero—Tsunami Scientist
- Applying the 5 Fundamental Concepts
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 5.1 Introduction to Volcanism
- How and Where Magma Forms
- Magma Properties
- 5.2 Volcano Types, Formation, and Eruptive Behavior
- 5.3 Geographic Regions at Risk from Volcanoes
- 5.4 Effects of Volcanoes
- Lava Flows
- Pyroclastic Activity
- CASE STUDY 5.1 Mount Unzen
- Volcanic Gases
- Debris Flows, Mudflows, and Volcanic landslides
- CASE STUDY 5.2 Volcanic Landslides and Tsunamis
- CASE STUDY 5.3 Mount St. Helens 1980–2010: From Lateral Blasts to Lava Flows
- 5.5 Linkages between Volcanoes and Other Natural Hazards
- 5.6 Natural Service Functions of Volcanoes
- Volcanic Soils
- Geothermal Power
- Mineral Resources
- Recreation
- Creation of New Land
- 5.7 Human Interactions with Volcanoes
- 5.8 Minimizing the Volcanic Hazard
- Forecasting
- CASE STUDY 5.4 Professional Profile: Chris Eisinger, Student of Active Volcanoes
- Volcanic Alert or Warning
- 5.9 Perception of and Adjustment to the Volcanic Hazard
- Perception of Volcanic Hazards
- Adjustments to Volcanic Hazards
- Attempts to Control Lava Flows
- CASE STUDY 5.5 Survivor Story: A Close Call with Mount St. Helens
- Applying the 5 Fundamental Concepts
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 6.1 An Introduction to Rivers
- Earth Material Transported by Rivers
- River Velocity, Discharge, Erosion, and Sediment Deposition
- Channel Patterns and Floodplain Formation
- 6.2 Flooding
- Introduction
- Magnitude and Frequency of Floods
- Flash Floods of Zone 1
- Downstream Floods of Zone 2
- CASE STUDY 6.1 Survivor Story: Flash Flood
- CASE STUDY 6.2 Mississippi River Floods of 1973–2008: Zone 2 Floods
- Downstream Floods of Zone 3: Alluvial Fans and Deltas
- CASE STUDY 6.3 Flooding on the Delta of the Ventura River
- Megafloods
- 6.3 Geographic Regions at Risk for River Flooding
- 6.4 Effects of Flooding and Linkages between Floods and Other Hazards
- 6.5 Natural Service Functions of Floods
- Water Resources and Flooding
- Fertile Lands
- Riparian and Aquatic Ecosystems
- Sediment Supply
- CASE STUDY 6.4 Experimental Floods on the Colorado River
- 6.6 Human Interaction with Flooding
- Land-Use Changes
- Dam Construction
- Urbanization and Flooding
- 6.7 Minimizing the Flood Hazard: Structural Control to Floodplain Management
- The Structural Approach
- Social Media and Flood Damage Mediation
- 6.8 Perception of the Flood Hazard
- Personal Adjustment: What To Do and What Not To Do
- CASE STUDY 6.5 Professional Profile: Nicholas Pinter, Southern Illinois University then U.C. Davis in California
- Applying the 5 Fundamental Concepts
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 7.1 An Introduction to Landslides
- Slope Processes
- Types of Landslides
- Forces on Slopes
- CASE STUDY 7.1 A Closer Look: Forces on Slopes
- CASE STUDY 7.2 Portuguese Bend, California
- Snow Avalanches
- 7.2 Geographic Regions at Risk from Landslides
- 7.3 Effects of Landslides and Linkages with Other Natural Hazards
- Effects of Landslides
- Linkages between Landslides and Other Natural Hazards
- CASE STUDY 7.3 Oso Landslide, Washington
- CASE STUDY 7.4 Survivor Story: Landslide in Colorado
- CASE STUDY 7.5 Professional Profile: Bob Rasely, Mass Wasting Specialist
- 7.4 Natural Service Functions of Landslides
- 7.5 Human Interaction with Landslides
- Timber Harvesting and Landslides
- Urbanization and Landslides
- CASE STUDY 7.6 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 7.6 Minimizing the Landslide Hazard
- Identifying Potential Landslides
- Preventing Landslides
- Landslide Warning Systems
- 7.7 Perception of and Adjustment to the Landslide Hazard
- Perception of the Landslide Hazard
- Adjustment to the Landslide Hazard
- Personal Adjustments: What You Can Do to Minimize Your Landslide Hazard
- Applying the 5 Fundamental Concepts
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 8.1 Soil and Hazards
- Soil Horizons
- Soil Color
- Soil Texture
- Relative Soil Profile Development
- Water in Soils
- Classifying Soils
- Soil Erosion as a Hazard
- CASE STUDY 8.1 Haiti and Soil Erosion
- 8.2 Introduction to Subsidence and Soil Volume Change
- Karst Formation
- Thermokarst Formation
- Sediment and Soil Compaction
- CASE STUDY 8.2 Survivor Story: Sinkhole Drains Lake
- CASE STUDY 8.3 Mississippi River Delta Subsidence
- Earthquakes
- Underground Drainage of Magma
- Expansive Soils
- Frost-Susceptible Soils
- 8.3 Geographic Regions at Risk for Subsidence and Soil Volume Change
- 8.4 Effects of Subsidence and Soil Volume Change
- Sinkhole Damage
- Changes in Groundwater Conditions
- Damage Caused by Melting Permafrost
- Coastal Flooding and Loss of Wetlands
- Damage Caused by Soil Volume Change
- 8.5 Linkages between Subsidence, Soil Volume Change, and Other Natural Hazards
- 8.6 Natural Service Functions of Subsidence and Soil Volume Change
- Water Supply
- Aesthetic and Scientific Resources
- Unique Ecosystems
- 8.7 Human Interaction with Subsidence and Soil Volume Change
- Fluid Withdrawal
- Underground Mining
- Melting Permafrost
- Restricting Deltaic Sedimentation
- Altering Surface Drainage
- Poor Landscaping Practices
- CASE STUDY 8.4 Professional Profile: Helen Delano, Environmental Geologist
- 8.8 Minimizing Subsidence and Soil Volume Change
- 8.9 Perception of and Adjustment to Subsidence and Soil Volume Change
- Perception of Subsidence and Soil Volume Change
- Adjustment to Subsidence and Soil Volume Change
- Applying the 5 Fundamental Concepts
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 9.1 Energy
- Types of Energy
- Heat Transfer
- 9.2 Earth’s Energy Balance
- Electromagnetic Energy
- Energy Behavior
- 9.3 The Atmosphere
- Composition of the Atmosphere
- Structure of the Atmosphere
- 9.4 Weather Processes
- Atmospheric Pressure and Circulation
- Unstable Air
- CASE STUDY 9.1 A Closer Look: Coriolis Effect
- Fronts
- 9.5 Hazardous Weather and Geographic Regions at Risk
- Thunderstorms
- CASE STUDY 9.2 Professional Profile: Sarah Tessendorf, Severe Storm Meteorologist
- Tornadoes
- CASE STUDY 9.3 Survivor Story: Struck by Lightning
- CASE STUDY 9.4 Tri-State Tornado
- Blizzards and Ice Storms
- CASE STUDY 9.5 The Great Northeastern Ice Storm of 1998
- Fog
- Drought
- Mountain Windstorms
- Dust Storms and Sandstorms
- Heat Waves
- 9.6 Human Interaction with Weather
- CASE STUDY 9.6 Europe’s Hottest Summer in More Than 500 Years
- Lessons Learned
- Prospects for the Future
- 9.7 Linkages with Other Hazards
- 9.8 Natural Service Functions of Severe Weather
- 9.9 Minimizing Severe Weather Hazards
- Forecasting and Predicting Weather Hazards
- Adjustment to the Severe Weather Hazard
- Applying the 5 Fundamental Concepts
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 10.1 Introduction to Cyclones
- Classifying Cyclones
- Naming Cyclones
- 10.2 Cyclone Development and Movement
- Tropical Cyclones
- CASE STUDY 10.1 A Closer Look: North Atlantic Oscillation
- Extratropical Cyclones
- CASE STUDY 10.2 Hurricane Katrina: “The most anticipated natural disaster in American history”
- CASE STUDY 10.3 Survivor Story: Hurricane Katrina
- 10.3 Geographic Regions at Risk for Cyclones
- 10.4 Effects of Cyclones
- Storm Surge
- High Winds
- Heavy Rains
- 10.5 Linkages between Cyclones and Other Natural Hazards
- 10.6 Natural Service Functions of Cyclones
- 10.7 Human Interaction with Cyclones
- 10.8 Minimizing the Effects of Cyclones
- Forecasts and Warnings
- CASE STUDY 10.4 Professional Profile: The Hurricane Hunters
- CASE STUDY 10.5 Atlantic Hurricane Season: Record Breaking
- 10.9 Perception of and Adjustment to Cyclones
- Perception of Cyclones
- Adjustment to Hurricanes and Extratropical Cyclones
- Applying the 5 Fundamental Concepts
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 11.1 Introduction to Coastal Hazards
- 11.2 Coastal Processes
- Waves
- Beach Form and Processes
- 11.3 Sea-Level Change
- 11.4 Geographic Regions at Risk from Coastal Hazards
- 11.5 Effects of Coastal Processes
- Rip Currents
- CASE STUDY 11.1 Survivor Story: Rip Current: Two Experienced Swimmers Rescued on Florida Beach
- Coastal Erosion
- 11.6 Linkages between Coastal Processes and Other Natural Hazards
- 11.7 Natural Service Functions of Coastal Processes
- 11.8 Human Interaction with Coastal Processes
- The Atlantic Coast
- CASE STUDY 11.2 Maryland Barrier Islands
- The Gulf Coast
- The Pacific Coast
- The Great Lakes
- Canadian Seacoasts
- 11.9 Minimizing the Effects of Coastal Hazards
- Hard Stabilization
- Soft Stabilization
- 11.10Perception of and Adjustment to Coastal Hazards
- Perception of Coastal Hazards
- Adjustment and Management of Coastal Hazards
- CASE STUDY 11.3 The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse
- CASE STUDY 11.4 Pointe du Hoc, France
- Applying the 5 Fundamental Concepts
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 12.1 Global Change and Earth System Science: An Overview
- 12.2 Climate and Weather
- Climate Zones
- 12.3 The Atmosphere and the Cryosphere
- Atmospheric Composition
- Hydrosphere and Cryosphere
- 12.4 How We Study Past Climate Change and Make Predictions
- Global Climate Models
- 12.5 Global Warming
- The Greenhouse Effect
- Global Temperature Change
- Why Does Climate Change?
- Solar Forcing
- Volcanic Forcing
- Anthropogenic Forcing
- 12.6 Effects of Climate Change
- Glaciers and Sea Ice
- CASE STUDY 12.1 Loss of Glacial Ice in Antarctica
- Climate Patterns and Meteorological Hazards
- Sea-Level Rise
- CASE STUDY 12.2 Disappearing Islands: Tuvalu, South Pacific
- Wildfires
- Landslide Hazard
- Volcanic, Earthquake, and Tsunami Hazards
- Changes in the Biosphere
- 12.7 Predicting the Future Climate
- What Does Our Recent History Tell Us about Potential Consequences of Future Global Warming?
- Predicting Future Climate Is Problematic
- 12.8 Strategies for Reducing the Impact of Global Warming
- Abrupt Climate Change
- Applying the 5 Fundamental Concepts
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 13.1 Introduction to Wildfire
- CASE STUDY 13.1 Wildfires in the U.S. Southwest, Colorado, Arizona and California
- 13.2 Wildfire as a Process
- Fire Environment
- Types of Fires
- 13.3 Geographic Regions at Risk from Wildfires
- 13.4 Effects of Wildfires and Linkages with Other Natural Hazards
- Effects on the Geologic Environment
- Effects on the Atmospheric Environment
- Linkages with Climate Change
- Effects on the Biological Environment
- 13.5 Natural Service Functions of Wildfires
- Benefits to Soil
- Benefits to Plants and Animals
- 13.6 Minimizing the Wildfire Hazard
- Fire Management
- 13.7 Perception of and Adjustment to the Wildfire Hazard
- Perception of the Wildfire Hazard
- Adjustments to the Wildfire Hazard
- Personal Adjustment to the Fire Hazard
- CASE STUDY 13.2 Survivor Story: Elderly Couple Survives Wildfire by Jumping into a Neighbor’s Swimming Pool
- Applying the 5 Fundamental Concepts
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
- 14.1 Earth’s Place in Space
- Asteroids, Meteoroids, and Comets
- 14.2 Airbursts and Impacts
- CASE STUDY 14.1 The Tunguska Event
- Impact Craters
- Uniformitarianism, Gradualism, and Catastrophism
- 14.3 Mass Extinctions
- CASE STUDY 14.2 K-Pg Boundary Mass Extinction
- CASE STUDY 14.3 Impact and Mass Extinction 12,800 Years Ago
- CASE STUDY 14.4 Professional Profile: Emeritus Professor James Kennett, University of California, Santa Barbara
- 14.4 Linkages with Other Natural Hazards
- 14.5 Minimizing the Impact Hazard
- Risk Related to Impacts
- Minimizing the Impact Hazard
- Applying the 5 Fundamental Concepts
- Concepts in Review
- Critical Thinking Questions
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- Gerð : 208
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- Útgáfuár : 2019
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