Marine Fisheries Ecology
Námskeið
- FIF1206200 Stofnstærðafræði fiska
Ensk lýsing:
This topical and exciting textbook describes fisheries exploitation, biology, conservation and management, and reflects many recent and important changes in fisheries science. These include growing concerns about the environmental impacts of fisheries, the role of ecological interactions in determining population dynamics, and the incorporation of uncertainty and precautionary principles into management advice.
The book draws upon examples from tropical, temperate and polar environments, and provides readers with a broad understanding of the biological, economic and social aspects of fisheries ecology and the interplay between them. As well as covering 'classical' fisheries science, the book focuses on contemporary issues such as industrial fishing, poverty and conflict in fishing communities, marine reserves, the effects of fishing on coral reefs and by-catches of mammals, seabirds and reptiles.
The book is primarily written for students of fisheries science and marine ecology, but should also appeal to practicing fisheries scientists and those interested in conservation and the impacts of humans on the marine environment. particularly useful are the modelling chapters which explain the difficult maths involved in a user-friendly manner describes fisheries exploitation, conservation and management in tropical, temperate and polar environments broad coverage of 'clasical' fisheries science emphasis on new approaches to fisheries science and the ecosystem effects of fishing examples based on the latest research and drawn from authors' international experience comprehensively referenced throughout extensively illustrated with photographs and line drawings.
Lýsing:
This topical and exciting textbook describes fisheries exploitation, biology, conservation and management, and reflects many recent and important changes in fisheries science. These include growing concerns about the environmental impacts of fisheries, the role of ecological interactions in determining population dynamics, and the incorporation of uncertainty and precautionary principles into management advice.
The book draws upon examples from tropical, temperate and polar environments, and provides readers with a broad understanding of the biological, economic and social aspects of fisheries ecology and the interplay between them. As well as covering 'classical' fisheries science, the book focuses on contemporary issues such as industrial fishing, poverty and conflict in fishing communities, marine reserves, the effects of fishing on coral reefs and by-catches of mammals, seabirds and reptiles.
The book is primarily written for students of fisheries science and marine ecology, but should also appeal to practicing fisheries scientists and those interested in conservation and the impacts of humans on the marine environment. particularly useful are the modelling chapters which explain the difficult maths involved in a user-friendly manner describes fisheries exploitation, conservation and management in tropical, temperate and polar environments broad coverage of 'clasical' fisheries science emphasis on new approaches to fisheries science and the ecosystem effects of fishing examples based on the latest research and drawn from authors' international experience comprehensively referenced throughout extensively illustrated with photographs and line drawings.
Annað
- Höfundar: Simon Jennings, Michel Kaiser, John D. Reynolds
- Útgáfa:1
- Útgáfudagur: 2009-04-01
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- Format:Page Fidelity
- ISBN 13: 9781444311358
- Print ISBN: 9780632050987
- ISBN 10: 1444311352
Efnisyfirlit
- Marine Fisheries Ecology
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Marine fisheries ecology: an introduction
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Fisheries of the world
- 1.2.1 History of fisheries
- 1.2.2 Fishery science
- 1.2.3 Diversity of fisheries
- 1.3 Patterns of exploitation
- 1.3.1 Boom and bust
- 1.3.2 Conservation and ecosystem concerns
- 1.4 Why manage fisheries?
- 1.5 Objectives of management
- 1.5.1 Range of objectives
- 1.5.2 Balancing objectives
- 1.5.3 From objective to action
- 1.6 Meeting management objectives
- 1.7 Structure of this book
- Summary
- 2 Marine ecology and production processes
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Primary production: sources and magnitude
- 2.3 Phytoplanktonic production
- 2.3.1 Links between production and physical processes
- 2.3.2 Upwellings and fronts
- 2.3.3 Rates of phytoplanktonic production
- 2.4 Non-phytoplanktonic production
- 2.4.1 Macroalgae
- 2.4.2 Mangroves
- 2.4.3 Coral reef algae
- 2.4.4 Seagrasses and marsh plants
- 2.4.5 Microphytobenthos
- 2.5 Heterotrophic production
- 2.5.1 The fate of primary production
- 2.5.2 Transfer along the food chain
- 2.5.3 Production of fished species
- 2.5.4 Linking primary production and landings
- Summary
- 3 Fished species, life histories and distribution
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Fishes
- 3.3 Invertebrates
- 3.4 Life histories
- 3.4.1 Sex, sex reversal and sex ratios
- 3.4.2 Growth, maturity and longevity
- 3.4.3 Egg size, fecundity and reproduction
- 3.5 Distribution in space and time
- 3.5.1 Geographical ranges and stock structures
- 3.5.2 Migration
- 3.5.3 Larval transport, retention and dispersal
- 3.5.4 Metapopulations
- Summary
- 4 Population structure in space and time
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Recruitment
- 4.2.1 Spawner and recruit relationships
- 4.2.2 Mortality during the early life history
- 4.2.3 Depensation
- 4.2.4 Regulation in fish populations
- 4.3 Density-dependent habitat use
- Summary
- 5 Fishing gears and techniques
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 From shoreline gathering to satellites
- 5.3 Modern commercial fishing gears
- 5.3.1 Towed fishing gear
- 5.3.2 Static fishing gear
- 5.4 Other fishing techniques
- 5.5 Conservation methods
- Summary
- 6 Fishers: socioeconomics and human ecology
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Motivations for fishing
- 6.2.1 Food
- 6.2.2 Income
- 6.3 Modifications to fishing behaviour
- 6.3.1 Social
- 6.3.2 Religion
- 6.4 Conflicts and conflict resolution
- 6.4.1 Competing for fish
- 6.4.2 Fish wars
- 6.4.3 Fishers in the political process
- 6.4.4 Traditional management systems
- 6.4.5 Customary marine tenure
- 6.4.6 Co-management
- Summary
- 7 Single-species stock assessment
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Balancing birth and death
- 7.3 Surplus production models
- 7.3.1 Stability
- 7.3.2 Models of population growth
- 7.3.3 Fitting models to data
- 7.3.4 Surplus production models in action
- 7.4 Delay–difference models
- 7.4.1 Delay–difference models in action
- 7.5 Virtual population analysis
- 7.5.1 Age-based cohort analysis
- 7.5.2 Length-based cohort analysis
- 7.6 Statistical catch-at-age methods
- 7.7 Yield-per-recruit models
- 7.7.1 Yield-per-recruit models in action
- 7.8 Incorporating recruitment
- 7.8.1 Replacement lines
- 7.8.2 Replacement lines in action
- 7.9 Confronting risk and uncertainty
- 7.9.1 Bayesian analysis
- 7.9.2 Resampling methods
- 7.10 Biological reference points
- Summary
- 8 Multispecies assessment and ecosystem modelling
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Multispecies surplus production
- 8.2.1 Multispecies surplus production in action
- 8.3 Multispecies yield per recruit
- 8.3.1 Multispecies yield per recruit in action
- 8.4 Multispecies virtual population analysis
- 8.4.1 Multispecies VPA in action
- 8.4.2 Applying MSVPA data to single-species models
- 8.5 Predators, prey and competitors
- 8.5.1 Predator–prey dynamics
- 8.5.2 Competition, an unexpected result
- 8.5.3 Management implications
- 8.6 Size spectra
- 8.7 Ecosystem models
- 8.7.1 Ecosystem models in action
- Summary
- 9 Getting the data: stock identity and dynamics
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Stock identification
- 9.2.1 The stock concept
- 9.2.2 Methods for stock identification
- 9.3 Stock dynamics
- 9.3.1 Sampling
- 9.3.2 Length, weight and age
- 9.3.3 Growth
- 9.3.4 Maturity
- 9.3.5 Fecundity
- 9.3.6 Mortality
- 9.4 The impact of errors
- Summary
- 10 Getting the data: abundance, catch and effort
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Abundance
- 10.2.1 Survey design
- 10.2.2 Visual census methods
- 10.2.3 Acoustic methods
- 10.2.4 Trawl surveys
- 10.2.5 Depletion methods
- 10.2.6 Mark–recapture methods
- 10.2.7 Egg production methods
- 10.3 The fishery
- Summary
- 11 Bioeconomics
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 The value of fisheries
- 11.2.1 Trade in fished species
- 11.2.2 Catch values and employment
- 11.3 Bioeconomic models
- 11.3.1 Descriptive bioeconomics
- 11.3.2 Optimal fishing strategies
- 11.3.3 Bayesian methods
- 11.4 Economic vs. social management objectives
- 11.4.1 Subsidies
- 11.4.2 The case for economic efficiency
- Summary
- 12 Fishing effects on populations and communities
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Vulnerability to fishing
- 12.2.1 Behaviour
- 12.2.2 Life histories
- 12.3 Intraspecific effects
- 12.3.1 Age and size structure
- 12.3.2 Reproduction
- 12.3.3 Genetic structure
- 12.4 Community effects
- 12.4.1 Diversity
- 12.4.2 Community structure
- 12.4.3 Size structure
- 12.4.4 Competition and trophic interactions
- Summary
- 13 Bycatches and discards
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Catches, bycatches and discards
- 13.2.1 Definitions
- 13.2.2 Reasons for discarding
- 13.3 Alternatives to discarding
- 13.4 Fisheries and bycatches
- 13.5 Incidental captures
- 13.5.1 Seabirds
- 13.5.2 Sea turtles
- 13.5.3 Sea snakes
- 13.5.4 Marine mammals
- 13.6 Methods to reduce bycatches
- 13.7 Ghost fishing
- 13.8 Sociocultural differences
- Summary
- 14 Impacts on benthic communities, habitats and coral reefs
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Fishing disturbance
- 14.2.1 Fishing vs. natural disturbance
- 14.2.2 Distribution of fishing disturbance
- 14.3 Direct effects of fishing gear on the seabed
- 14.3.1 Towed fishing gear
- 14.3.2 Direct effects on the substratum
- 14.3.3 Effects on infauna
- 14.3.4 Effects on epifauna
- 14.3.5 Meta-analysis
- 14.4 Effects of static fishing gears
- 14.5 Long-term effects
- 14.6 Fishing as a source of energy subsidies
- 14.6.1 Have population changes occurred?
- 14.7 Indirect effects on habitats
- 14.7.1 Loose seabeds
- 14.7.2 Coral reefs
- Summary
- 15 Fishery interactions with birds and mammals
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Birds
- 15.2.1 Competition between birds and fisheries
- 15.2.2 Benefits of discarding
- 15.2.3 Waders and shellfish
- 15.3 Mammals
- 15.3.1 Competition between mammals and fisheries
- 15.3.2 Prey release
- Summary
- 16 A role for aquaculture?
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Aquaculture past and present
- 16.3 What is cultivated?
- 16.4 Production systems
- 16.5 Feeding constraints
- 16.6 Prospects for expansion
- 16.6.1 Cage cultivation
- 16.6.2 Stock enhancement and ranching
- 16.7 Case studies
- 16.7.1 Shrimp farming
- 16.7.2 Bivalve mariculture
- Summary
- 17 Management and conservation options
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Management objectives, strategies and actions
- 17.2.1 From objective to action
- 17.2.2 Catch control
- 17.2.3 Effort control
- 17.2.4 Technical measures
- 17.2.5 Management in action
- 17.3 Improving management
- 17.3.1 Enforcement and compliance
- 17.3.2 Co-management
- 17.3.3 Ownership of resources and harvesting rights
- 17.3.4 Uncertainty and the precautionary approach
- 17.3.5 Role of science
- 17.4 Multispecies and ecosystem-based management
- 17.4.1 What are the objectives?
- 17.4.2 What can be achieved?
- 17.5 Managing fisheries for conservation
- 17.5.1 Endangered species
- 17.5.2 Habitats
- 17.5.3 Protected areas and no-take zones
- 17.6 Future trends
- 17.6.1 Fisheries science
- 17.6.2 Fisheries management
- Summary
- References
- Appendix 1: List of symbols
- Appendix 2: Fisheries websites
- Appendix 3: Geographic index
- Index
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