Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• Contents
• Introduction / Embryology: Clinical Relevance and Historical Perspective
• Medical Embryology Animations
  • Gamete Development and Fertilization
  • Germ Layer and Neural Tube Development
  • Body Cavity Development
  • Limb Development
  • Heart Development
  • Gut Development
  • Urinary System Development
  • Reproductive System Development
  • Head and Neck Development
  • Muscular System Development (coming soon)
• Part 1: General Embryology
  • Chapter 1: Introduction to Molecular Regulation and Signaling
    • INTRODUCTION
    • GENE TRANSCRIPTION
      • DNA Methylation Represses Transcription
    • OTHER REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION
    • INDUCTION AND ORGAN FORMATION
    • CELL SIGNALING
      • Signal Transduction Pathways
      • Paracrine Signaling Factors
      • The TGF-β Superfamily
      • Other Paracrine Signaling Molecules
    • KEY SIGNALING PATHWAYS FOR DEVELOPMENT
      • Sonic Hedgehog: Master Gene for Embryogenesis
      • The Planar Cell Polarity: Convergent Extension Pathway
      • The Notch Pathway
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 2: Gametogenesis: Conversion of Germ Cells into Male and Female Gametes
    • PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS
    • THE CHROMOSOME THEORY OF INHERITANCE
      • Mitosis
      • Meiosis
    • MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES DURING MATURATION OF THE GAMETES
      • Oogenesis
      • Spermatogenesis
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 3: First Week of Development: Ovulation to Implantation
    • OVARIAN CYCLE
      • Ovulation
      • Corpus Luteum
      • Oocyte Transport
      • Corpus Albicans
    • FERTILIZATION
      • Phase 1: Penetration of the Corona Radiata
      • Phase 2: Penetration of the Zona Pellucida
      • Phase 3: Fusion of the Oocyte and Sperm Cell Membranes
    • CLEAVAGE
    • BLASTOCYST FORMATION
    • EPIBLAST, HYPOBLAST, AND AXIS FORMATION
    • UTERUS AT THE TIME OF IMPLANTATION
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 4: Second Week of Development: Bilaminar Germ Disc
    • INTRODUCTION
    • DAY 8
    • DAY 9
    • DAYS 11 AND 12
    • DAY 13
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 5: Third Week of Development: Trilaminar Germ Disc
    • GASTRULATION: FORMATION OF EMBRYONIC MESODERM AND ENDODERM
    • FORMATION OF THE NOTOCHORD
    • ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BODY AXES
    • FATE MAP ESTABLISHED DURING GASTRULATION
    • GROWTH OF THE EMBRYONIC DISC
    • FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE TROPHOBLAST
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 6: Third to Eighth Weeks: The Embryonic Period
    • INTRODUCTION
    • DERIVATIVES OF THE ECTODERMAL GERM LAYER
      • Molecular Regulation of Neural Induction
      • Neurulation
      • Neural Crest Cells
    • DERIVATIVES OF THE MESODERMAL GERM LAYER
      • Paraxial Mesoderm
      • Intermediate Mesoderm
      • Lateral Plate Mesoderm
      • Blood and Blood Vessels
    • DERIVATIVES OF THE ENDODERMAL GERM LAYER
    • PATTERNING OF THE ANTEROPOSTERIOR AXIS: REGULATION BY HOMEOBOX GENES
    • EXTERNAL APPEARANCE DURING THE SECOND MONTH
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 7: The Gut Tube and the Body Cavities
    • A TUBE ON TOP OF A TUBE
    • FORMATION OF THE BODY CAVITY
    • SEROUS MEMBRANES
    • DIAPHRAGM AND THORACIC CAVITY
    • FORMATION OF THE DIAPHRAGM
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 8: Third Month to Birth: The Fetus and Placenta
    • DEVELOPMENT OF THE FETUS
      • Monthly Changes
      • Time of Birth
    • FETAL MEMBRANES AND PLACENTA
      • Changes in the Trophoblast
    • CHORION FRONDOSUM AND DECIDUA BASALIS
    • STRUCTURE OF THE PLACENTA
      • Full-Term Placenta
      • Circulation of the Placenta
      • Function of the Placenta
    • AMNION AND UMBILICAL CORD
    • PLACENTAL CHANGES AT THE END OF PREGNANCY
    • AMNIOTIC FLUID
    • FETAL MEMBRANES IN TWINS
      • Dizygotic Twins
      • Monozygotic Twins
    • PARTURITION (BIRTH)
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 9: Birth Defects and Prenatal Diagnosis
    • BIRTH DEFECTS
      • Types of Abnormalities
      • Environmental Factors and Drugs
      • Male-Mediated Teratogenesis
    • PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS
      • Ultrasonography
      • Amniocentesis
      • Chorionic Villus Sampling
      • Cordocentesis, or Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling
      • Maternal Serum Screening
      • Noninvasive Prenatal Screening
      • Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
    • FETAL THERAPY
      • Fetal Transfusion
      • Fetal Medical Treatment
      • Fetal Surgery
      • Stem Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy
    • SUMMARY
• Part 2: Systems-Based Embryology
  • Chapter 10: The Axial Skeleton
    • INTRODUCTION
    • SKULL
      • Neurocranium
      • Newborn Skull
      • Viscerocranium
    • VERTEBRAE AND THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
    • Ribs and Sternum
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 11: Muscular System
    • INTRODUCTION
    • STRIATED SKELETAL MUSCULATURE
    • INNERVATION OF AXIAL SKELETAL MUSCLES
    • SKELETAL MUSCLE AND TENDONS
    • MOLECULAR REGULATION OF MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT
    • PATTERNING OF MUSCLES
    • HEAD MUSCULATURE
    • LIMB MUSCULATURE
    • CARDIAC MUSCLE
    • SMOOTH MUSCLE
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 12: Limbs
    • LIMB GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
    • LIMB MUSCULATURE
      • Molecular Regulation of Limb Development
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 13: Cardiovascular System
    • ESTABLISHMENT AND PATTERNING OF THE PRIMARY HEART FIELD
    • FORMATION AND POSITION OF THE HEART TUBE
    • FORMATION OF THE CARDIAC LOOP
    • MOLECULAR REGULATION OF CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT
    • BLOOD FLOW AND CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT
    • DEVELOPMENT OF THE SINUS VENOSUS
    • FORMATION OF THE CARDIAC SEPTA
      • Septum Formation in the Common Atrium
      • Septum Formation in the Atrioventricular Canal
      • Septum Formation in the Truncus Arteriosus and Conus Cordis
      • Septum Formation in the Ventricles
    • FORMATION OF THE CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF THE HEART
    • VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT
      • Arterial System
      • Venous System
    • CIRCULATION BEFORE AND AFTER BIRTH
      • Fetal Circulation
      • Circulatory Changes at Birth
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 14: Respiratory System
    • FORMATION OF THE LUNG BUDS
    • LARYNX
    • TRACHEA, BRONCHI, AND LUNGS
    • MATURATION OF THE LUNGS
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 15: Digestive System
    • DIVISIONS OF THE GUT TUBE
    • MOLECULAR REGULATION OF GUT TUBE DEVELOPMENT
    • MESENTERY
    • FOREGUT
      • Esophagus
      • Stomach
      • Duodenum
      • Liver and Gallbladder
    • MOLECULAR REGULATION OF LIVER INDUCTION
    • PANCREAS
      • Molecular Regulation of Pancreas Development
    • MIDGUT
      • Physiologic Herniation
      • Rotation of the Midgut
      • Retraction of Herniated Loops
      • Mesenteries of the Intestinal Loops
    • HINDGUT
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 16: Urogenital System
    • INTRODUCTION
    • URINARY SYSTEM
      • Kidney Systems
      • Collecting System
      • Excretory System
      • Molecular Regulation of Kidney Development
      • Position of the Kidney
      • Function of the Kidney
      • Bladder and Urethra
    • GENITAL SYSTEM
      • Gonads
      • Genital Ducts
      • Vagina
      • External Genitalia
      • Descent of the Testes
      • Descent of the Ovaries
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 17: Head and Neck
    • INTRODUCTION
    • PHARYNGEAL ARCHES
      • First Pharyngeal Arch
      • Second Pharyngeal Arch
      • Third Pharyngeal Arch
      • Fourth and Sixth Pharyngeal Arches
    • PHARYNGEAL POUCHES
      • First Pharyngeal Pouch
      • Second Pharyngeal Pouch
      • Third Pharyngeal Pouch
      • Fourth Pharyngeal Pouch
    • PHARYNGEAL CLEFTS
    • MOLECULAR REGULATION OF FACIAL DEVELOPMENT
    • TONGUE
    • THYROID GLAND
    • FACE
    • INTERMAXILLARY SEGMENT
    • SECONDARY PALATE
    • NASAL CAVITIES
    • TEETH
    • MOLECULAR REGULATION OF TOOTH DEVELOPMENT
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 18: Central Nervous System
    • INTRODUCTION
    • SPINAL CORD
      • Neuroepithelial, Mantle, and Marginal Layers
      • Basal, Alar, Roof, and Floor Plates
      • Histologic Differentiation
      • Positional Changes of the Cord
      • Molecular Regulation of Nerve Differentiation in the Spinal Cord
    • BRAIN
      • Rhombencephalon: Hindbrain
      • Mesencephalon: Midbrain
      • Prosencephalon: Forebrain
    • MOLECULAR REGULATION OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
    • CRANIAL NERVES
    • AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
      • Sympathetic Nervous System
      • Parasympathetic Nervous System
      • Suprarenal (Adrenal) Gland
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 19: Ear
    • INTRODUCTION
    • INTERNAL EAR
      • Saccule, Cochlea, and Organ of Corti
      • Utricle and Semicircular Canals
    • MIDDLE EAR
      • Tympanic Cavity and Auditory Tube
      • Ossicles
    • EXTERNAL EAR
      • External Auditory Meatus
      • Eardrum or Tympanic Membrane
      • Auricle
    • HEARING
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 20: Eye
    • OPTIC CUP AND LENS VESICLE
    • RETINA, IRIS, AND CILIARY BODY
    • LENS
    • CHOROID, SCLERA, AND CORNEA
    • VITREOUS BODY
    • OPTIC NERVE
    • MOLECULAR REGULATION OF EYE DEVELOPMENT
    • SUMMARY
  • Chapter 21: Integumentary System
    • SKIN
      • Epidermis
      • Dermis
    • HAIR
    • FINGERNAILS AND TOENAILS
    • SWEAT GLANDS
    • MAMMARY GLANDS
    • SUMMARY
• Part 3: Appendix
  • Answers to Problems
  • Figure Credits
  • Glossary of Key Terms
• Index
• Interactive Question

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