Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Preface
• I Mechanics
  • 1 Kinematics
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 Distance and Displacement
    • 1.3 Speed and Velocity
    • 1.4 Acceleration
    • 1.5 Average Velocity or Speed
    • 1.6 Change in Displacement Under Constant Acceleration
    • 1.7 The Acceleration Due to Gravity
    • 1.8 Independence of Motion in Two Dimensions
    • 1.9 Summary
    • 1.10 Problems
  • 2 Force and Newton’s Laws of Motion
    • 2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2 The Concept of Force
    • 2.3 Kinds of Force
    • 2.4 Newtonian Gravity
    • 2.5 Fictitious Forces
    • 2.6 Summary
    • 2.7 Problems
  • 3 Motion in a Circle
    • 3.1 Introduction
    • 3.2 Description of Circular Motion
    • 3.3 Circular Velocity and Acceleration
    • 3.4 Centripetal Force
    • 3.5 Sources of Centripetal Force
    • 3.6 Summary
    • 3.7 Problems
  • 4 Statics
    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Equilibrium
    • 4.3 Torque
    • 4.4 The Principle of Moments
    • 4.5 Centre of Gravity/Centre of Mass
    • 4.6 Stability
    • 4.7 Summary
    • 4.8 Problems
  • 5 Energy
    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 What is Energy?
    • 5.3 Work
    • 5.4 Kinetic Energy
    • 5.5 Potential Energy
    • 5.6 Conservative Forces
    • 5.7 Conservation of Total Energy
    • 5.8 Power
    • 5.9 Summary
    • 5.10 Problems
  • 6 Momentum
    • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.2 Linear Momentum
    • 6.3 Newton's Laws and Momentum
    • 6.4 Collisions
    • 6.5 Elastic Collisions
    • 6.6 Summary
    • 6.7 Problems
  • 7 Simple Harmonic Motion
    • 7.1 Introduction
    • 7.2 Hooke's Law
    • 7.3 Simple Harmonic Motion
    • 7.4 The Simple Pendulum
    • 7.5 Summary
    • 7.6 Problems
  • 8 Waves
    • 8.1 Introduction
    • 8.2 SHM and Waves
    • 8.3 Frequency, Wavelength, and Speed
    • 8.4 The Form of the Wave
    • 8.5 Types of Wave
    • 8.6 Superposition and Interference
    • 8.7 Beats
    • 8.8 Reflection
    • 8.9 Standing Waves
    • 8.10 Waves and Energy
    • 8.11 Complex Waveforms
    • 8.12 Summary
    • 8.13 Problems
  • 9 Sound and Hearing
    • 9.1 Introduction
    • 9.2 Sound Waves in Media
    • 9.3 Pitch and Loudness
    • 9.4 Resonance and Sound Generation
    • 9.5 The Ear
    • 9.6 The Doppler Effect
    • 9.7 Summary
    • 9.8 Problems
• II Solids and Fluids
  • 10 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 Tension and Compression
    • 10.3 Shear Stress and Strain
    • 10.4 Bulk Stress and Strain
    • 10.5 Elasticity
    • 10.6 Summary
    • 10.7 Problems
  • 11 Pressure
    • 11.1 Introduction
    • 11.2 Pressure
    • 11.3 Density
    • 11.4 Pascal's Principle
    • 11.5 Measurement of Pressure
    • 11.6 Pressure and the Human Body
    • 11.7 Summary
    • 11.8 Problems
  • 12 Buoyancy
    • 12.1 Introduction
    • 12.2 The Buoyant Force
    • 12.3 Summary
    • 12.4 Problems
  • 13 Surface Tension and Capillarity
    • 13.1 Introduction
    • 13.2 Surface Tension
    • 13.3 Capillarity
    • 13.4 Surfactants and the Lung
    • 13.5 Summary
    • 13.6 Problems
  • 14 Fluid Dynamics of Non-viscous Fluids
    • 14.1 Introduction
    • 14.2 Definitions of Some Key Terms
    • 14.3 The Equation of Continuity
    • 14.4 Bernoulli's Equation
    • 14.5 Summary
    • 14.6 Problems
  • 15 Fluid Dynamics of Viscous Fluids
    • 15.1 Introduction
    • 15.2 Viscosity
    • 15.3 Turbulence
    • 15.4 Summary
    • 15.5 Problems
  • 16 Molecular Transport Phenomena
    • 16.1 Introduction
    • 16.2 Diffusion
    • 16.3 Osmosis
    • 16.4 Applications to Biological Systems
    • 16.5 Summary
    • 16.6 Problems
• III Thermodynamics
  • 17 Temperature and the Zeroth Law
    • 17.1 Introduction
    • 17.2 Thermal Equilibrium
    • 17.3 Measuring Temperature
    • 17.4 Thermal Expansion of Materials
    • 17.5 Summary
    • 17.6 Problems
  • 18 Ideal Gases
    • 18.1 Introduction
    • 18.2 The Gas Laws
    • 18.3 Biological Applications
    • 18.4 Kinetic Theory of Gases
    • 18.5 Summary
    • 18.6 Problems
  • 19 Phase and Temperature Change
    • 19.1 Introduction
    • 19.2 Phase Changes
    • 19.3 Temperature Changes
    • 19.4 Energy Conservation
    • 19.5 L and c Values for Water
    • 19.6 Summary
    • 19.7 Problems
  • 20 Water Vapour and the Atmosphere
    • 20.1 Introduction
    • 20.2 Mixtures of Water Vapour and Air
    • 20.3 Partial Pressure and Moisture Content
    • 20.4 Atmospheric Properties
    • 20.5 Psychrometry
    • 20.6 Applications
    • 20.7 Summary
    • 20.8 Problems
  • 21 Heat Transfer
    • 21.1 Introduction
    • 21.2 Conduction
    • 21.3 Convection
    • 21.4 Radiation
    • 21.5 Combined Transfer Processes
    • 21.6 Summary
    • 21.7 Problems
  • 22 Thermodynamics and the Body
    • 22.1 Introduction
    • 22.2 The First Law
    • 22.3 Energy and the Body
    • 22.4 Thermoregulation
    • 22.5 Temperature and Health
    • 22.6 Summary
    • 22.7 Problems
  • 23 Thermodynamic Processes in Ideal Gases
    • 23.1 Introduction
    • 23.2 States, Processes, and Equilibrium
    • 23.3 Reversibility
    • 23.4 Work and P–V Diagrams
    • 23.5 Isobaric, Isochoric, Isothermal, and Adiabatic Processes
    • 23.6 Summary
    • 23.7 Problems
  • 24 Heat Engines And Entropy
    • 24.1 Introduction
    • 24.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
    • 24.3 Entropy
    • 24.4 Cyclic Processes and Heat Engines
    • 24.5 The First Law for Reversible Processes
    • 24.6 T –S Diagrams for Heat Engines
    • 24.7 Entropy and Irreversible Processes
    • 24.8 Absolute Entropy And The Third Law of Thermodynamics
    • 24.9 Summary
    • 24.10 Problems
  • 25 Energy Availability and Thermodynamic Potentials
    • 25.1 Introduction
    • 25.2 Enthalpy
    • 25.3 Helmholtz Energy
    • 25.4 Gibbs Energy
    • 25.5 Chemical Work and the Chemical Potential
    • 25.6 Thermodynamic Potentials and Equilibrium
    • 25.7 Heat Engines and the Efficiency of Metabolism
    • 25.8 Summary
    • 25.9 Problems
• IV Electricity and DC Circuits
  • 26 Static Electricity
    • 26.1 Introduction
    • 26.2 Charge
    • 26.3 Conductors and Insulators
    • 26.4 Charging of Objects
    • 26.5 Polarisation
    • 26.6 Summary
    • 26.7 Problems
  • 27 Electric Force and Electric Field
    • 27.1 Introduction
    • 27.2 Coulomb’s Law
    • 27.3 Superposition of Electric Forces
    • 27.4 Inverse Square Laws
    • 27.5 The Electric Field
    • 27.6 Electric Field Diagrams
    • 27.7 Superposition of Electric Fields
    • 27.8 Summary
    • 27.9 Problems
  • 28 Electrical Potential and Energy
    • 28.1 Introduction
    • 28.2 Electrical Potential Energy
    • 28.3 Electrical Potential
    • 28.4 Electrical Potential and Work
    • 28.5 Equipotential and Field Lines
    • 28.6 Electrical and External Forces
    • 28.7 The Heart and ECG
    • 28.8 Summary
    • 28.9 Problems
  • 29 Capacitance
    • 29.1 Introduction
    • 29.2 The Capacitor
    • 29.3 Energy Stored in a Capacitor
    • 29.4 Capacitors in Series and Parallel
    • 29.5 The Dielectric in a Capacitor
    • 29.6 Summary
    • 29.7 Problems
  • 30 Direct Currents and DC Circuits
    • 30.1 Introduction
    • 30.2 Electric Current
    • 30.3 Current and Drift Velocity
    • 30.4 Direct Versus Alternating Current
    • 30.5 Circuits and Circuit Diagrams
    • 30.6 Power Sources
    • 30.7 Resistance and Ohm’s Law
    • 30.8 Resistors and Resistivity
    • 30.9 Wires
    • 30.10 Kirchhoff’s Laws
    • 30.11 Resistors in Series and Parallel
    • 30.12 Power Dissipation
    • 30.13 Alternate Energy Units
    • 30.14 Electric Shock Hazards
    • 30.15 Electricity in Cells
    • 30.16 Summary
    • 30.17 Problems
  • 31 Time Behaviour of RC Circuits
    • 31.1 Introduction
    • 31.2 The RC Circuit
    • 31.3 Discharging RC Circuit
    • 31.4 Charging RC Circuit
    • 31.5 Summary
    • 31.6 Problems
• V Optics
  • 32 The Nature of Light
    • 32.1 Introduction
    • 32.2 Electromagnetic Waves
    • 32.3 Reflection
    • 32.4 Refraction
    • 32.5 Dispersion
    • 32.6 Summary
    • 32.7 Problems
  • 33 Geometric Optics
    • 33.1 Introduction
    • 33.2 Ray Diagrams
    • 33.3 Plane Mirrors
    • 33.4 Spherical Mirrors
    • 33.5 Magnification
    • 33.6 Lenses
    • 33.7 Summary
    • 33.8 Problems
  • 34 The Eye and Vision
    • 34.1 Introduction
    • 34.2 The Parts of the Eye
    • 34.3 Emmetropia (Normal Vision)
    • 34.4 Presbyopia
    • 34.5 Myopia
    • 34.6 Hypermetropia (or Hyperopia)
    • 34.7 Astigmatism
    • 34.8 Alternative Structure and Placement
    • 34.9 Colour Vision
    • 34.10 Summary
    • 34.11 Problems
  • 35 Wave Optics
    • 35.1 Introduction
    • 35.2 Superposition and Interference
    • 35.3 Huygens' Principle
    • 35.4 Diffraction
    • 35.5 Young's Double-Slit Experiment
    • 35.6 Single-Slit Diffraction
    • 35.7 Diffraction Gratings
    • 35.8 Circular Apertures and Diffraction
    • 35.9 Visual Acuity
    • 35.10 Thin-Film Interference
    • 35.11 Polarisation
    • 35.12 Summary
    • 35.13 Problems
  • 36 Advanced Geometric Optics
    • 36.1 Introduction
    • 36.2 Image Formation by Reflection at a Spherical Surface
    • 36.3 Image Formation by a Refraction at a Single Spherical Surface
    • 36.4 Image Formation by a Thin Lens
    • 36.5 Vergences
    • 36.6 Multiple Lenses and Thick Lenses
    • 36.7 Summary
    • 36.8 Problems
  • 37 Optical Instruments
    • 37.1 Introduction
    • 37.2 Single Converging Lens: The Magnifying Glass
    • 37.3 Microscopes
    • 37.4 Telescopes
    • 37.5 Summary
    • 37.6 Problems
• VI Radiation and Health
  • 38 Atoms and Atomic Physics
    • 38.1 Introduction
    • 38.2 Parts of the Atom
    • 38.3 Electron Orbitals
    • 38.4 The Böhr Model of the Atom
    • 38.5 Multielectron Atoms
    • 38.6 Quantum Mechanics
    • 38.7 Summary
    • 38.8 Problems
  • 39 The Nucleus and Nuclear Physics
    • 39.1 Introduction
    • 39.2 Nuclei and Isotopes
    • 39.3 Energy and Mass Units
    • 39.4 Nuclear Forces
    • 39.5 Nuclear Decay and Stability
    • 39.6 Summary
    • 39.7 Problems
  • 40 Production of Ionising Radiation
    • 40.1 Introduction
    • 40.2 Nuclear Decay Processes
    • 40.3 Activity and Half-Life
    • 40.4 X-ray Production
    • 40.5 Other Sources of Radiation
    • 40.6 Summary
    • 40.7 Problems
  • 41 Interactions of Ionising Radiation
    • 41.1 Introduction
    • 41.2 Attenuation and Cross Section
    • 41.3 X-rays and Gamma Radiation
    • 41.4 Particles
    • 41.5 Detection of Ionising Radiation
    • 41.6 Summary
    • 41.7 Problems
  • 42 Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation
    • 42.1 Introduction
    • 42.2 Mechanisms of Cell Damage
    • 42.3 Dose and Dose Equivalent
    • 42.4 Types of Effect
    • 42.5 Medical Effects and Risk
    • 42.6 Ultraviolet Radiation
    • 42.7 Summary
    • 42.8 Problems
  • 43 Medical Imaging
    • 43.1 Introduction
    • 43.2 X-ray Imaging
    • 43.3 CT Scan
    • 43.4 PET scan
    • 43.5 Gamma Camera and SPECT
    • 43.6 Diagnostic Procedures: Dose
    • 43.7 Ultrasound Sonography
    • 43.8 Summary
  • 44 Magnetism and MRI
    • 44.1 Introduction
    • 44.2 Magnetism
    • 44.3 A Brief Outline of MRI
    • 44.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
    • 44.5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    • 44.6 Summary
    • 44.7 Problems
• A Physical Constants
  • A.1 High Precision Mass Values
  • A.2 Useful Constants
• B Basic Maths and Science Skills
  • B.1 Measurement and Units
  • B.2 Basic Algebra
  • B.3 Exponentials and Logarithms
  • B.4 Geometry
  • B.5 Trigonometric Functions
  • B.6 Vectors
• C Answers To Odd Numbered Problems
• Selected Further Reading
• Index
• End User License Agreement

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