Efnisyfirlit

• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents in Brief
• Table of Contents
• About the Authors
• Preface
• Connect Page
• PART ONE
  • CHAPTER 1 Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology
    • 1.1 Fundamental Properties of Life
    • 1.2 Zoology as a Part of Biology
    • 1.3 Principles of Science
    • 1.4 Theories of Evolution and Heredity
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 2 The Origin and Chemistry of Life
    • 2.1 Water and Life
    • 2.2 Macromolecules
    • 2.3 Chemical Evolution
    • 2.4 Origin of Living Systems
    • 2.5 Precambrian Life
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 3 Cells as Units of Life
    • 3.1 Cell Concept
    • 3.2 Organization of Cells
    • 3.3 Membrane Function
    • 3.4 Mitosis and Cell Division
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 4 Cellular Metabolism
    • 4.1 Energy and the Laws of Thermodynamics
    • 4.2 The Role of Enzymes
    • 4.3 Enzyme Regulation
    • 4.4 Chemical Energy Transfer by ATP
    • 4.5 Cellular Respiration
    • 4.6 Metabolism of Lipids
    • 4.7 Metabolism of Proteins
    • Summary
• PART TWO
  • CHAPTER 5 Genetics: A Review
    • 5.1 Mendel’s Investigations
    • 5.2 Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
    • 5.3 Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
    • 5.4 Gene Theory
    • 5.5 Storage and Transfer of Genetic Information
    • 5.6 Gene Mutations
    • 5.7 Molecular Genetics of Cancer
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 6 Organic Evolution
    • 6.1 Origins of Darwinian Evolutionary Theory
    • 6.2 Darwinian Evolutionary Theory: The Evidence
    • 6.3 Revisions of Darwin’s Theory
    • 6.4 Microevolution: Genetic Variation and Change Within Species
    • 6.5 Macroevolution: Major Evolutionary Events
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 7 The Reproductive Process
    • 7.1 Nature of the Reproductive Process
    • 7.2 The Origin and Maturation of Germ Cells
    • 7.3 Reproductive Patterns
    • 7.4 Structure of Reproductive Systems
    • 7.5 Endocrine Events That Orchestrate Reproduction
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 8 Principles of Development
    • 8.1 Early Concepts: Preformation Versus Epigenesis
    • 8.2 Fertilization
    • 8.3 Cleavage and Early Development
    • 8.4 An Overview of Development Following Cleavage
    • 8.5 Mechanisms of Development
    • 8.6 Gene Expression During Development
    • 8.7 Developmental Patterns in Animals
    • 8.8 Evolutionary Developmental Biology
    • 8.9 Vertebrate Development
    • 8.10 Development of Systems and Organs
    • Summary
• PART THREE
  • CHAPTER 9 Architectural Pattern of an Animal
    • 9.1 Hierarchical Organization of Animal Complexity
    • 9.2 Animal Body Plans
    • 9.3 Components of Animal Bodies
    • 9.4 Complexity and Body Size
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 10 Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals
    • 10.1 Linnaeus and Taxonomy
    • 10.2 Species
    • 10.3 Taxonomic Characters and Phylogenetic Reconstruction
    • 10.4 Theories of Taxonomy
    • 10.5 Major Subdivisions of the Animal Kingdom
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 11 Unicellular Eukaryotes
    • 11.1 Naming and Identifying Unicellular Eukaryotic Taxa
    • 11.2 Form and Function
    • 11.3 Nutrition and Digestion
    • 11.4 Excretion and Osmoregulation
    • 11.5 Reproduction and Life Cycles
    • 11.6 Major Unicellular Eukaryotic Taxa
    • 11.7 Phylogeny and Adaptive Diversification
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 12 Sponges and Placozoans
    • 12.1 Origin of Animals
    • 12.2 Phylum Porifera: Sponges
    • 12.3 Form and Function in Sponges
    • 12.4 Survey of Sponges
    • 12.5 Phylum Placozoa
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 13 Cnidarians and Ctenophores
    • 13.1 Phylum Cnidaria
    • 13.2 Form and Function
    • 13.3 Survey of Cnidarians
    • 13.4 Phylum Ctenophora
    • 13.5 Phylogeny and Adaptive Diversification
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 14 Xenacoelomorpha, Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha, Gnathifera, and Mesozoa
    • 14.1 Phylum Xenacoelomorpha
    • 14.2 Clades Within Protostomia
    • 14.3 Phylum Platyhelminthes
    • 14.4 Phylum Gastrotricha
    • 14.5 Clade Gnathifera
    • 14.6 Phylum Gnathostomulida
    • 14.7 Phylum Chaetognatha
    • 14.8 Phylum Micrognathozoa
    • 14.9 Phylum Rotifera
    • 14.10 Phylum Acanthocephala
    • 14.11 Phylum Mesozoa
    • 14.12 Phylogeny
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 15 Polyzoa and Trochozoa
    • 15.1 Clade Polyzoa
    • 15.2 Phylum Cycliophora
    • 15.3 Phylum Entoprocta
    • 15.4 Phylum Ectoprocta (Bryozoa)
    • 15.5 Clade Trochozoa
    • 15.6 Clade Brachiozoa
    • 15.7 Phylum Brachiopoda
    • 15.8 Phylum Phoronida
    • 15.9 Phylum Nemertea (Rhynchocoela)
    • 15.10 Phylogeny
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 16 Molluscs
    • 16.1 Molluscs
    • 16.2 Form and Function
    • 16.3 Classes of Molluscs
    • 16.4 Phylogeny and Adaptive Diversification
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 17 Annelids
    • 17.1 Phylum Annelida, Including Pogonophorans (Siboglinids), Sipunculans, and Echiurans
    • 17.2 Errantia
    • 17.3 Sedentaria
    • 17.4 Clade Clitellata
    • 17.5 Evolutionary Significance of a Coelom and Metamerism
    • 17.6 Phylogeny and Adaptive Diversification
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 18 Smaller Ecdysozoans
    • 18.1 Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms
    • 18.2 Phylum Nematomorpha
    • 18.3 Phylum Loricifera
    • 18.4 Phylum Kinorhyncha
    • 18.5 Phylum Priapulida
    • 18.6 Clade Panarthropoda
    • 18.7 Phylum Onychophora
    • 18.8 Phylum Tardigrada
    • 18.9 Phylogeny and Adaptive Diversification
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 19 Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods
    • 19.1 Phylum Arthropoda
    • 19.2 Subphylum Trilobita
    • 19.3 Subphylum Chelicerata
    • 19.4 Subphylum Myriapoda
    • 19.5 Phylogeny and Adaptive Diversification
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 20 Crustaceans
    • 20.1 Subphylum Crustacea
    • 20.2 A Brief Survey of Crustaceans
    • 20.3 Phylogeny and Adaptive Diversification
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 21 Hexapods
    • 21.1 Classes Entognatha and Insecta
    • 21.2 External Form and Function
    • 21.3 Internal Form and Function
    • 21.4 Metamorphosis and Growth
    • 21.5 Behavior and Defense
    • 21.6 Insects and Human Welfare
    • 21.7 Phylogeny and Adaptive Diversification
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 22 Echinoderms and Hemichordates
    • 22.1 Clade Ambulacraria
    • 22.2 Phylum Echinodermata
    • 22.3 Phylogeny and Adaptive Diversification of Echinoderms
    • 22.4 Phylum Hemichordata
    • 22.5 Phylogeny and Adaptive Diversification of Hemichordates
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 23 Chordates
    • 23.1 Ancestry and Evolution of the Chordates
    • 23.2 Five Chordate Characteristics
    • 23.3 Subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata)
    • 23.4 Subphylum Cephalochordata
    • 23.5 Subphylum Vertebrata
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 24 Fishes
    • 24.1 Ancestry and Relationships of Major Groups of Fishes
    • 24.2 Cyclostomata: Living Jawless Fishes
    • 24.3 Chondrichthyes: Cartilaginous Fishes
    • 24.4 Osteichthyes: Bony Fishes and Tetrapods
    • 24.5 Structural and Functional Adaptations of Fishes
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 25 Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians
    • 25.1 Devonian Origin of Tetrapods
    • 25.2 Temnospondyls and Modern Amphibians
    • 25.3 Caecilians: Order Gymnophiona (Apoda)
    • 25.4 Salamanders: Order Urodela (Caudata)
    • 25.5 Frogs and Toads: Order Anura (Salientia)
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 26 Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles
    • 26.1 Origin and Early Evolution of Amniotes
    • 26.2 Changes in Traditional Classification of Reptiles
    • 26.3 Characteristics and Natural History of Reptilian Groups
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 27 Birds
    • 27.1 Origin and Relationships
    • 27.2 Structural and Functional Adaptations for Flight
    • 27.3 Flight
    • 27.4 Migration and Navigation
    • 27.5 Social Behavior and Reproduction
    • 27.6 Bird Populations and Their Conservation
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 28 Mammals
    • 28.1 Origin and Evolution of Mammals
    • 28.2 Structural and Functional Adaptations of Mammals
    • 28.3 Mammals and Their Environments
    • 28.4 Humans and Mammals
    • 28.5 Human Evolution
    • Summary
• PART FOUR
  • CHAPTER 29 Support, Protection, and Movement
    • 29.1 Integument
    • 29.2 Skeletal Systems
    • 29.3 Animal Movement
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 30 Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation
    • 30.1 Water and Osmotic Regulation
    • 30.2 Invertebrate Excretory Structures
    • 30.3 Vertebrate Kidney
    • 30.4 Temperature Regulation
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 31 Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration
    • 31.1 Internal Fluid Environment
    • 31.2 Composition of Blood
    • 31.3 Circulation
    • 31.4 Respiration
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 32 Digestion and Nutrition
    • 32.1 Feeding Mechanisms
    • 32.2 Digestion
    • 32.3 Organization and Regional Function of Alimentary Canals
    • 32.4 Regulation of Food Intake
    • 32.5 Nutritional Requirements
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 33 Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs
    • 33.1 Neurons: Functional Units of Nervous Systems
    • 33.2 Synapses: Junctions Between Nerves
    • 33.3 Evolution of Nervous Systems
    • 33.4 Sense Organs
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 34 Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System
    • 34.1 Mechanisms of Hormone Action
    • 34.2 Invertebrate Hormones
    • 34.3 Vertebrate Endocrine Glands and Hormones
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 35 Immunity
    • 35.1 Susceptibility and Resistance
    • 35.2 Innate Defense Mechanisms
    • 35.3 Immunity in Invertebrates
    • 35.4 Acquired Immune Response in Vertebrates
    • 35.5 Blood Group Antigens
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 36 Animal Behavior
    • 36.1 Describing Behavior: Principles of Classical Ethology
    • 36.2 Control of Behavior
    • 36.3 Social Behavior
    • Summary
• PART FIVE
  • CHAPTER 37 Animal Distributions
    • 37.1 Principles of Historical Biogeography
    • 37.2 Distribution of Life on Earth
    • Summary
  • CHAPTER 38 Animal Ecology
    • 38.1 The Hierarchy of Ecology
    • 38.2 Populations
    • 38.3 Community Ecology
    • 38.4 Ecosystems
    • 38.5 Extinction and Biodiversity
    • Summary
• Appendix A: Cladogram of All Animal Phyla
• Appendix B: Timeline of Major Biological Events
• Glossary
• Index

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