Efnisyfirlit

• Cover
• Introduction
  • About This Book
  • Foolish Assumptions
  • Icons Used in This Book
  • Beyond the Book
  • Where to Go from Here
• Part 1: Studying the Earth
  • Chapter 1: Rocks for Jocks (and Everybody Else)
    • Finding Your Inner Scientist
    • Focusing on Rock Formation and Transformation
    • Mapping Continental Movements
    • Moving Rocks around on Earth’s Surface
    • Interpreting a Long History of Life on Earth
  • Chapter 2: Observing Earth through a Scientific Lens
    • Realizing That Science Is Not Just for Scientists
    • Using a Methodical Approach: The Scientific Method
    • Building New Knowledge: A Scientific Theory
    • Speaking in Tongues: Why Geologists Seem to Speak a Separate Language
  • Chapter 3: From Here to Eternity: The Past, Present, and Future of Geologic Thought
    • Catastrophe Strikes Again and Again
    • Early Thoughts on the Origin of Rocks
    • Developing Modern Geologic Understanding
    • Uniformi-what? Understanding the Earth through Uniformitarianism
    • Pulling It All Together: The Theory of Plate Tectonics
    • Forging Ahead into New Frontiers
  • Chapter 4: Home Sweet Home: Planet Earth
    • Earth’s Spheres
    • Examining Earth’s Geosphere
• Part 2: Elements, Minerals, and Rocks
  • Chapter 5: It’s Elemental, My Dear: A Very Basic Chemistry of Elements and Compounds
    • The Smallest Matter: Atoms and Atomic Structure
    • Chemically Bonding
    • Formulating Compounds
  • Chapter 6: Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks
    • Meeting Mineral Requirements
    • Making Crystals
    • Identifying Minerals Using Physical Characteristics
    • Realizing Most Rocks Are Built from Silicate Minerals
    • Remembering the Nonsilicate Minerals
    • Gemstones
  • Chapter 7: Recognizing Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Types
    • Mama Magma: Birthing Igneous Rocks
    • Merging Many Single Grains of Sand: Sedimentary Rocks
    • Stuck between a Rock and a Hard Place: Metamorphic Rocks
    • Tumbling through the Rock Cycle: How Rocks Change from One Type to Another
• Part 3: One Theory to Explain It All: Plate Tectonics
  • Chapter 8: Adding Up the Evidence for Plate Tectonics
    • Drifting Apart: Wegener’s Idea of Continental Drift
    • Coming Together: How Technology Sheds Light on Plate Tectonics
  • Chapter 9: When Crustal Plates Meet, It’s All Relative
    • Density Is Key
    • Two of a Kind: Continental and Oceanic Crust
    • Understanding Why Density Matters: Isostasy
    • Defining Plate Boundaries by Their Relative Motion
    • Shaping Topography with Plate Movements
  • Chapter 10: Who’s Driving This Thing? Mantle Convection and Plate Movement
    • Running in Circles: Models of Mantle Convection
    • Using Convection to Explain Magma, Volcanoes, and Underwater Mountains
    • Shake, Rattle, and Roll: How Plate Movements Cause Earthquakes
• Part 4: Superficially Speaking: About Surface Processes
  • Chapter 11: Gravity Takes Its Toll: Mass Wasting
    • Holding Steady or Falling Down: Friction versus Gravity
    • Focusing on the Materials Involved
    • Triggering Mass Movements
    • Moving Massive Amounts of Earth, Quickly
    • A More Subtle Approach: Creep and Soil Flow (Solifluction)
  • Chapter 12: Water: Above and Below Ground
    • Hydrologic Cycling
    • Streams: Moving Sediments toward the Ocean
    • Eroding a Stream Channel to Base Level
    • Seeking Equilibrium after Changes in Base Level
    • Leaving Their Mark: How Streams Create Landforms
    • Flowing beneath Your Feet: Groundwater
  • Chapter 13: Flowing Slowly toward the Sea: Glaciers
    • Identifying Three Types of Glaciers
    • Understanding Ice as a Geologic Force
    • Eroding at a Snail’s Pace: Landforms Created by Glacial Erosion
    • Leaving It All Behind: Glacial Deposits
    • Where Have All the Glaciers Gone?
  • Chapter 14: Blowing in the Wind: Moving Sediments without Water
    • Lacking Water: Arid Regions of the Earth
    • Transporting Particles by Air
    • Deflating and Abrading: Features of Wind Erosion
    • Just Add Wind: Dunes and Other Depositional Wind Features
    • Paving the Desert: Deposition or Erosion?
  • Chapter 15: Catch a Wave: The Evolution of Shorelines
    • Breaking Free: Waves and Wave Motion
    • Shaping Shorelines
    • Categorizing Coastlines
• Part 5: Long, Long Ago in This Galaxy Right Here
  • Chapter 16: Getting a Grip on Geologic Time
    • The Layer Cake of Time: Stratigraphy and Relative Dating
    • Show Me the Numbers: Methods of Absolute Dating
    • Relatively Absolute: Combining Methods for the Best Results
    • Eons, Eras, and Epochs (Oh My!): Structuring the Geologic Timescale
  • Chapter 17: A Record of Life in the Rocks
    • Explaining Change, Not Origins: The Theory of Evolution
    • The Evolution of a Theory
    • Putting Evolution to the Test
    • Against All Odds: The Fossilization of Lifeforms
    • Correcting for Bias in the Fossil Record
    • Hypothesizing Relationships: Cladistics
  • Chapter 18: Time before Time Began: The Precambrian
    • In the Beginning … Earth’s Creation from a Nebulous Cloud
    • Addressing Archean Rocks
    • Originating with Orogens: Supercontinents of the Proterozoic Eon
    • Single Cells, Algal Mats, and the Early Atmosphere
    • Questioning the Earliest Complex Life: The Ediacaran Fauna
  • Chapter 19: Teeming with Life: The Paleozoic Era
    • Exploding with Life: The Cambrian Period
    • Building Reefs All Over the Place
    • Spinal Tapping: Animals with Backbones
    • Planting Roots: Early Plant Evolution
    • Tracking the Geologic Events of the Paleozoic
  • Chapter 20: Mesozoic World: When Dinosaurs Dominated
    • Driving Pangaea Apart at the Seams
    • Repopulating the Seas after Extinction
    • The Symbiosis of Flowers
    • Recognizing All the Mesozoic Reptiles
    • Climbing the Dinosaur Family Tree
    • Flocking Together: The Evolutionary Road to Birds
    • Laying the Groundwork for Later Dominance: Early Mammal Evolution
  • Chapter 21: The Cenozoic Era: Mammals Take Over
    • Putting Continents in Their Proper (Okay, Current) Places
    • Entering the Age of Mammals
    • Living Large: Massive Mammals Then and Now
    • Right Here, Right Now: The Reign of Homo Sapiens
    • Arguing for the Anthropocene
  • Chapter 22: And Then There Were None: Major Extinction Events in Earth’s History
    • Explaining Extinctions
    • End Times, at Least Five Times
    • Modern Extinctions and Biodiversity
• Part 6: The Part of Tens
  • Chapter 23: Ten Ways You Use Geologic Resources Every Day
    • Burning Fossil Fuels
    • Playing with Plastics
    • Gathering Gemstones
    • Drinking Water
    • Creating Concrete
    • Paving Roads
    • Accessing Geothermal Heat
    • Fertilizing with Phosphate
    • Constructing Computers
    • Building with Beautiful Stone
  • Chapter 24: Ten Geologic Hazards
    • Changing Course: River Flooding
    • Caving In: Sinkholes
    • Sliding Down: Landslides
    • Shaking Things Up: Earthquakes
    • Washing Away Coastal Towns: Tsunamis
    • Destroying Farmland and Coastal Bluffs: Erosion
    • Fiery Explosions of Molten Rock: Volcanic Eruptions
    • Melting Ice with Fire: Jokulhlaups
    • Flowing Rivers of Mud: Lahars
    • Watching the Poles: Geomagnetism
• Index
• About the Author
• Supplemental Images
• Advertisement Page
• Connect with Dummies
• End User License Agreement

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