Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter 1. The Study of Labor Economics
  • The Study and Scope of Labor Economics
  • The Method of Labor Economics
    • Labor Market Theory
    • Labor Market Institutions
    • Empirical Analysis
    • Policy Analysis
    • International Comparisons
  • The Plan of This Book
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
  • Appendix. Regression Analysis
• Chapter 2. The Demand for Labor
  • The Production Function
  • The Marginal Product of Labor
  • The Short-Run Demand for Labor
    • The Short-Run Demand for Labor: An Example
    • Conditions for the MP to Represent Labor Demand
    • The Demand for Labor in Noncompetitive Product Markets
    • What Determines the Position of the Short-Run Demand for Labor?
    • A Note on Exploitation
  • The Demand for Labor in the Long Run
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
  • Appendix. Technological Change and Labor Demand
• Chapter 3. Topics in Labor Demand
  • Elasticities
    • The Wage Elasticity of Labor Demand
    • The Cross-Elasticity of Labor Demand
    • The Elasticity of Substitution
  • How Elastic Is the Demand for Labor?
  • Extensions and Embellishments of Marginal Productivity Theory
    • The Independence of Wages and Productivity
    • Fixed Costs of Employment
  • Are Workers Paid Their Marginal Product?
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
  • Appendix. A Test of the Marginal Productivity Theory: A Cobb-Douglas Exercise
• Chapter 4. The Supply of Labor: Labor Force Participation
  • Labor Force Participation
  • The Theory of Labor Force Participation for an Individual
  • The Theory of Labor Force Participation for Groups
  • Applications of the Theory
    • Young Workers
    • Older Male Workers
    • Women
    • Race and Residence
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
• Chapter 5. The Supply of Labor: Hours of Work
  • The History of Working Hours
  • Worker Preferences and Hours Worked
  • The Theory of Hours of Work for an Individual
  • Applications of the Theory
  • Variations on the Wage Line
  • Welfare Programs and Labor Supply
  • Some Extensions of the Individual Model
    • Family Models
    • Life-Cycle Model
  • Empirical Evidence on Labor Supply Elasticities
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
• Chapter 6. Human Capital Analysis
  • Some Background
  • Education and Age–Earnings Profiles
  • Calculating the Returns to Education
    • The Net Present Value Approach
    • The Internal Rate of Return Approach
    • The Earnings Function Approach
  • The Evidence
    • Bias in Rate-of-Return Estimates
  • General versus Specific Human Capital
  • Externalities, Equity, and Subsidies
  • Human Capital and Mobility
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
• Chapter 7. Labor Market Equilibrium
  • Equilibrium in a Single Labor Market
    • Supply and Demand Models
    • Empirical Evidence
    • The Wage Curve
  • Equilibrium across Different Labor Markets
    • Supply Adjustments
    • Demand Adjustments
    • Compensating Differentials
  • Empirical Studies of Wage Differentials
    • Interregional Migration and Wage Convergence
    • Compensating Differentials for Job Safety
  • International Trade and Relative Wages
    • The Relative Supply–Demand Model
    • Theories of Trade and Wages
    • Evidence on Trade and Wages
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
• Chapter 8. Information and Job Search
  • The Fixed Sample Search Model
  • The Sequential Search Model
    • An Example
    • A More Formal Model
    • Refinements to the Model
    • Relaxing the Assumption of No On-the-Job Search
    • Bilateral Search Models
    • Screening and Signaling
  • Matching Models
  • Equilibrium Search Models
  • The Duration of Unemployment and the Hazard Function
  • Labor Mobility
  • Job Search Methods and Results
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
• Chapter 9. Monopsony and Minimum Wages
  • Wage and Employment Determination under Conditions of Monopsony
  • Where Does Monopsony Exist?
    • Geographic Monopsony
    • Government as a Monopsonistic Employer
    • The Market for Professional Athletes
    • Dynamic Monopsony
  • Minimum Wages
  • Empirical Evidence on the Employment Effect of Minimum Wages
    • The Card-Krueger “Natural Experiment” Study
    • Other Minimum Wage–Employment Studies
    • Econometric Studies
  • Other Effects of the Minimum Wage
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
• Chapter 10. Internal Labor Markets
  • The Characteristics of ILMs
    • The Importance of Long-Term Employment Relations
    • Job Hierarchy and Internal Wage Structures
    • Types of ILMs in the US Economy
  • The Evolution of ILMs
    • The US Labor Market a Century Ago
    • The Emergence of ILMs in the United States
    • Lifetime Employment in Japan
    • Employment Protection
    • Are ILMs Becoming Less Important?
    • High-Performance Work Systems
  • ILMs and Firm Efficiency
    • Implicit Contracts
    • Efficiency Aspects of ILMs
    • ILMs and Firm Performance
    • The Case of Academic Tenure
  • Implications of ILMs for Labor Analysis
    • Wage Determination
    • Collective Bargaining
    • Unemployment
    • Labor Market Segmentation
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
• Chapter 11. Personnel Economics
  • Motivating Worker Effort
    • Wages and the Supply of Effort
    • Effort and Output in a Fixed Wage System
    • Performance Pay
    • Difficulties with Implementing Performance Pay
  • Work-Life Incentive Schemes
    • Basic Concepts
    • The Probation Period
    • Bonuses and Merit Pay
    • Tournaments and Promotions
    • Fringe Benefits
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
• Chapter 12. Unions and Collective Bargaining
  • A Profile of Unionism in the United States
    • Legislation and Labor Union Growth
    • Unions in the Public Sector
  • Unionism in Other Countries
  • Theories of Union Growth
  • Union Goals and Objectives
  • Union Monopoly Models
    • Rent Maximization
    • Maximization of the Wage Bill
    • The Median Voter Model
    • The Utility-Maximization Model
    • Employer Wage–Employment Preferences
    • Efficient Contracts
  • Union Bargaining Power and Strikes
    • Bargaining Power
    • Models of Strike Activity
  • The Effects of Unions
    • Measuring Union Wage Effects: The Problems
    • Measuring Union Wage Effects: The Methods
    • The Effects of Unions on Wages
    • The Effects of Unions on Other Economic Variables
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
  • Appendix. Occupational Licensing*
• Chapter 13. Labor Market Discrimination
  • The Many Faces of Labor Market Discrimination
  • Gender and Racial Differences in Labor Markets
    • Gender Differences
    • Racial and Ethnic Differences
  • Theories of Labor Market Discrimination
    • Personal Prejudice Theory
    • Statistical Discrimination
    • Other Models of Discrimination
  • Measuring the Effect of Discrimination on Pay Gaps
    • Case Studies
    • The Earnings Function Approach
    • Discrimination and the Distribution of Earnings
  • What Does the Research Show?
    • Earnings Gaps
    • Evidence from Audit Studies
    • Discrimination in Sports
  • Antidiscrimination Policies
    • The Equal Pay Act
    • The Civil Rights Act
    • Discrimination on the Basis of Age and Disability
    • Affirmative Action
    • Comparable Worth
  • The Effects of Antidiscrimination Policies
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
• Chapter 14. Unemployment
  • Measures of Unemployment
    • The Unemployment Rate
    • Measurement Issues
    • Labor Market Flows
    • The Duration of Unemployment
  • The Natural Rate of Unemployment
    • Estimating the Natural Rate
    • Determinants of the Natural Rate
    • Changes in the Natural Rate
  • Fluctuations around the Natural Rate
    • The Real Business Cycle Model
    • Wage Rigidity Models
    • Evidence on Wage Rigidity
  • A Model of the Aggregate Labor Market
  • Unemployment in the Great Recession
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems
• Chapter 15. Wage Inequality, Income Inequality, and Poverty
  • Wage Inequality and Labor Market Performance
  • Measuring Inequality
    • Percentile Wage Differentials
    • The Gini Coefficient
    • The Variance of the Logarithm of Earnings
  • Trends in Wage Inequality
    • International Comparisons
    • Other Aspects of Rising Wage Inequality
  • Causes of Increased Wage Inequality
    • A Relative Supply and Demand Model
    • Causes of Shifts in Demand for Skilled Workers
    • Changes in Labor Market Institutions
    • The Effect of Unemployment Rates
  • From Wage Inequality to Income Inequality
    • Earnings Mobility
    • Measuring Inequality in Living Standards
    • The Recipient Unit
    • Trends in Income Inequality
  • Poverty
    • The Measurement of Poverty in the United States
    • Poverty in Other Countries
  • Policy Options
    • Keeping Unemployment Low
    • Increasing the Relative Supply of Skilled Workers
    • Shifting Demand Toward Low-Skill Workers
    • Increasing Labor Market Access
    • Maintaining the Real Minimum Wage
  • Summary
  • Key Terms
  • Problems

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