Efnisyfirlit

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• MindTap for Fundamentals of Financial Management: Concise
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• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• Part 1. Introduction to Financial Management
  • Chapter 1. An Overview of Financial Management
    • 1-1. What Is Finance?
      • 1-1A. Areas of Finance
      • 1-1B. Finance within an Organization
      • 1-1C. Finance versus Economics and Accounting
    • 1-2. Jobs in Finance
    • 1-3. Forms of Business Organization
    • 1-4. The Main Financial Goal: Creating Value for Investors
      • 1-4A. Determinants of Value
      • 1-4B. Intrinsic Value
      • 1-4C. Consequences of Having a Short-Run Focus
    • 1-5. Stockholder–Manager Conflicts
      • 1-5A. Compensation Packages
      • 1-5B. Direct Stockholder Intervention
      • 1-5C. Managers’ Response
    • 1-6. Stockholder–Debtholder Conflicts
    • 1-7. Balancing Shareholder Interests and the Interests of Society
    • 1-8. Business Ethics
      • 1-8A. What Companies are Doing
      • 1-8B. Consequences of Unethical Behavior
      • 1-8C. How should Employees Deal with Unethical Behavior?
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
  • Chapter 2. Financial Markets and Institutions
    • 2-1. The Capital Allocation Process
    • 2-2. Financial Markets
      • 2-2A. Types of Markets
      • 2-2B. Recent Trends
    • 2-3. Financial Institutions
    • 2-4. The Stock Market
      • 2-4A. Physical Location Stock Exchanges
      • 2-4B. Over-the-Counter (OTC) and The NASDAQ Stock Markets
    • 2-5. The Market for Common Stock
      • 2-5A. Types of Stock Market Transactions
    • 2-6. Stock Markets and Returns
      • 2-6A. Stock Market Reporting
      • 2-6B. Stock Market Returns
    • 2-7. Stock Market Efficiency
      • 2-7A. Behavioral Finance Theory
      • 2-7B. Conclusions about Market Efficiency
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Integrated Case
• Part 2. Fundamental Concepts in Financial Management
  • Chapter 3. Financial Statements, Cash Flow, and Taxes
    • 3-1. Financial Statements and Reports
    • 3-2. The Balance Sheet
      • 3-2A. Allied’s Balance Sheet
    • 3-3. The Income Statement
    • 3-4. Statement of Cash Flows
    • 3-5. Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
    • 3-6. Uses and Limitations of Financial Statements
    • 3-7. Free Cash Flow
    • 3-8. MVA and EVA
    • 3-9. Income Taxes
      • 3-9A. Individual Taxes
      • 3-9B. Corporate Taxes
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
  • Chapter 4. Analysis of Financial Statements
    • 4-1. Ratio Analysis
    • 4-2. Liquidity Ratios
      • 4-2A. Current Ratio
      • 4-2B. Quick, or Acid Test, Ratio
    • 4-3. Asset Management Ratios
      • 4-3A. Inventory Turnover Ratio
      • 4-3B. Days Sales Outstanding
      • 4-3C. Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio
      • 4-3D. Total Assets Turnover Ratio
    • 4-4. Debt Management Ratios
      • 4-4A. Total Debt to Total Capital
      • 4-4B. Times-Interest-Earned Ratio
    • 4-5. Profitability Ratios
      • 4-5A. Operating Margin
      • 4-5B. Profit Margin
      • 4-5C. Return on Total Assets
      • 4-5D. Return on Common Equity
      • 4-5E. Return on Invested Capital
      • 4-5F. Basic Earning Power (BEP) Ratio
    • 4-6. Market Value Ratios
      • 4-6A. Price/Earnings Ratio
      • 4-6B. Market/Book Ratio
      • 4-6C. Enterprise Value/EBITDA Ratio
    • 4-7. Tying the Ratios Together: The DuPont Equation
    • 4-8. Potential Misuses of ROE
    • 4-9. Using Financial Ratios to Assess Performance
      • 4-9A. Comparison to Industry Average
      • 4-9B. Benchmarking
      • 4-9C. Trend Analysis
    • 4-10. Uses and Limitations of Ratios
    • 4-11. Looking Beyond the Numbers
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
  • Web Appendix 4A. Common Size and Percent Change Analyses
    • Section Content
  • Chapter 5. Time Value of Money
    • 5-1. Time Lines
    • 5-2. Future Values
      • 5-2A. Step-by-Step Approach
      • 5-2B. Formula Approach
    • 5-2C. Financial Calculators
      • 5-2D. Spreadsheets
      • 5-2E. Graphic View of the Compounding Process
    • 5-3. Present Values
      • 5-3A. Graphic View of the Discounting Process
    • 5-4. Finding the Interest Rate, I
    • 5-5. Finding the Number of Years, N
    • 5-6. Annuities
    • 5-7. Future Value of an Ordinary Annuity
    • 5-8. Future Value of an Annuity Due
    • 5-9. Present Value of an Ordinary Annuity
    • 5-10. Finding Annuity Payments, Periods, and Interest Rates
      • 5-10A. Finding Annuity Payments, PMT
      • 5-10B. Finding the Number of Periods, N
      • 5-10C. Finding the Interest Rate, I
    • 5-11. Perpetuities
    • 5-12. Uneven Cash Flows
    • 5-13. Future Value of an Uneven Cash Flow Stream
    • 5-14. Solving for I with Uneven Cash Flows
    • 5-15. Semiannual and Other Compounding Periods
    • 5-16. Comparing Interest Rates
    • 5-17. Fractional Time Periods
    • 5-18. Amortized Loans
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
  • Web Appendix 5A. Continuous Compounding and Discounting
    • Section Content
    • Continuous Compounding
    • Continuous Discounting
    • Problems
  • Web Appendix 5B. Growing Annuities
    • Section Content
    • Example 1: Finding a Constant Real Income, First Withdrawal Made Immediately
    • Example 2: Constant Real Income, End-of-Year Withdrawals
    • Example 3: Initial Deposit to Accumulate a Future Sum
    • Questions
    • Problems
• Part 3. Financial Assets
  • Chapter 6. Interest Rates
    • 6-1. The Cost of Money
    • 6-2. Interest Rate Levels
    • 6-3. The Determinants of Market Interest Rates
      • 6-3A. The Real Risk-Free Rate of Interest, r *
      • 6-3B. The Nominal, or Quoted, Risk-Free Rate of Interest, r RF = r * + IP
      • 6-3C. Inflation Premium (IP)
      • 6-3D. Default Risk Premium (DRP)
      • 6-3E. Liquidity Premium (LP)
      • 6-3F. Interest Rate Risk and the Maturity Risk Premium (MRP)
    • 6-4. The Term Structure of Interest Rates
    • 6-5. What Determines the Shape of the Yield Curve?
    • 6-6. Using the Yield Curve to Estimate Future Interest Rates
    • 6-7. Macroeconomic Factors That Influence Interest Rate Levels
      • 6-7A. Federal Reserve Policy
      • 6-7B. Federal Budget Deficits or Surpluses
      • 6-7C. International Factors
      • 6-7D. Business Activity
    • 6-8. Interest Rates and Business Decisions
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
  • Chapter 7. Bonds and Their Valuation
    • 7-1. Who Issues Bonds?
    • 7-2. Key Characteristics of Bonds
      • 7-2A. Par Value
      • 7-2B. Coupon Interest Rate
      • 7-2C. Maturity Date
      • 7-2D. Call Provisions
      • 7-2E. Sinking Funds
      • 7-2F. Other Features
    • 7-3. Bond Valuation
    • 7-4. Bond Yields
      • 7-4A. Yield to Maturity
      • 7-4B. Yield to Call
    • 7-5. Changes in Bond Values over Time
    • 7-6. Bonds with Semiannual Coupons
    • 7-7. Assessing a Bond’s Riskiness
      • 7-7A. Price Risk
      • 7-7B. Reinvestment Risk
      • 7-7C. Comparing Price Risk and Reinvestment Risk
    • 7-8. Default Risk
      • 7-8A. Various Types of Corporate Bonds
      • 7-8B. Bond Ratings
      • 7-8C. Bankruptcy and Reorganization
    • 7-9. Bond Markets
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
  • Web Appendix 7A. Zero Coupon Bonds
    • Section Content
    • Questions
    • Problems
  • Web Appendix 7B. Bond Risk and Duration
    • Section Content
    • Bond Risk
    • Immunization
    • Duration
  • Web Appendix 7C. Bankruptcy and Reorganization
    • Section Content
    • Federal Bankruptcy Laws
    • Financial Decisions in Bankruptcy
    • Standard of Fairness
    • Standard of Feasibility
    • Liquidation Procedures
    • Social Issues in Bankruptcy Proceedings
    • Questions
    • Problems
  • Chapter 8. Risk and Rates of Return
    • 8-1. The Risk-Return Trade-Off
    • 8-2. Stand-Alone Risk
      • 8-2A. STATISTICAL MEASURES OF STAND-ALONE RISK
      • 8-2B. Measuring Stand-Alone Risk: The Standard Deviation
      • 8-2C. Using Historical Data to Measure Risk
      • 8-2D. Other Measures of Stand-Alone Risk: The Coefficient of Variation and the Sharpe Ratio
      • 8-2E. Risk Aversion and Required Returns
    • 8-3. Risk in a Portfolio Context: The CAPM
      • 8-3A. Expected Portfolio Returns, r ^ p
      • 8-3B. Portfolio Risk
      • 8-3C. Risk in a Portfolio Context: The Beta Coefficient
    • 8-4. The Relationship between Risk and Rates of Return
      • 8-4A. The Impact of Expected Inflation
      • 8-4B. Changes in Risk Aversion
      • 8-4C. Changes in a Stock’s Beta Coefficient
    • 8-5. Some Concerns about Beta and the CAPM
    • 8-6. Some Concluding Thoughts: Implications for Corporate Managers and Investors
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
  • Web Appendix 8A. Calculating Beta Coefficients
    • Section Content
    • Texas Instruments BA-II Plus
    • Hewlett-Packard 10BII+
    • Microsoft Excel
    • Problems
  • Chapter 9. Stocks and Their Valuation
    • 9-1. Legal Rights and Privileges of Common Stockholders
      • 9-1A. Control of the Firm
      • 9-1B. The Preemptive Right
    • 9-2. Types of Common Stock
    • 9-3. Stock Price versus Intrinsic Value
      • 9-3A. Why Do Investors and Companies Care about Intrinsic Value?
    • 9-4. The Discounted Dividend Model
      • 9-4A. Expected Dividends as the Basis for Stock Values
    • 9-5. Constant Growth Stocks
      • 9-5A. Illustration of a Constant Growth Stock
      • 9-5B. Dividends versus Growth
      • 9-5C. Which Is Better: Current Dividends or Growth?
      • 9-5D. Required Conditions for the Constant Growth Model
    • 9-6. Valuing Nonconstant Growth Stocks
    • 9-7. Enterprise-Based Approach to Valuation
      • 9-7A. The Corporate Valuation Model
      • 9-7B. Comparing the Corporate Valuation and Discounted Dividend Models
    • 9-8. Preferred Stock
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
    • Appendix 9A. Stock Market Equilibrium
    • Questions
    • Problems
• Part 4. Investing in Long-Term Assets: Capital Budgeting
  • Chapter 10. The Cost of Capital
    • 10-1. An Overview of the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)
    • 10-2. Basic Definitions
    • 10-3. Cost of Debt, r d ( 1 - T )
    • 10-4. Cost of Preferred Stock, r p
    • 10-5. Cost of Retained Earnings, r s
      • 10-5A. CAPM Approach
      • 10-5B. Bond-Yield-Plus-Risk-Premium Approach
      • 10-5C. Dividend-Yield-Plus-Growth-Rate, or Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), Approach
      • 10-5D. Averaging the Alternative Estimates
    • 10-6. Cost of New Common Stock, r e
      • 10-6A. Add Flotation Costs to a Project’s Cost
      • 10-6B. Increase the Cost of Capital
      • 10-6C. When Must External Equity be Used?
    • 10-7. Composite, or Weighted Average, Cost of Capital, WACC
    • 10-8. Factors That Affect the WACC
      • 10-8A. Factors the Firm Cannot Control
      • 10-8B. Factors the Firm can Control
    • 10-9. Adjusting the Cost of Capital for Risk
    • 10-10. Some Other Problems with Cost of Capital Estimates
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
  • Web Appendix 10A. The Cost of New Common Stock and WACC
    • Questions
    • Problems
  • Chapter 11. The Basics of Capital Budgeting
    • 11-1. An Overview of Capital Budgeting
    • 11-2. Net Present Value (NPV)
    • 11-3. Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
    • 11-4. Multiple Internal Rates of Return
    • 11-5. Reinvestment Rate Assumptions
    • 11-6. Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR)
    • 11-7. NPV Profiles
    • 11-8. Payback Period
    • 11-9. Conclusions on Capital Budgeting Methods
    • 11-10. Decision Criteria Used in Practice
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
  • Chapter 12. Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis
    • 12-1. Conceptual Issues in Cash Flow Estimation
      • 12-1A. Free Cash Flow Versus Accounting Income
      • 12-1B. Timing of Cash Flows
      • 12-1C. Incremental Cash Flows
      • 12-1D. Replacement Projects
      • 12-1E. Sunk Costs
      • 12-1F. Opportunity Costs Associated with Assets the Firm Owns
      • 12-1G. Externalities
    • 12-2. Analysis of an Expansion Project
      • 12-2A. Effect of Different Depreciation Rates
      • 12-2B. Cannibalization
      • 12-2C. Opportunity Costs
      • 12-2D. Sunk Costs
      • 12-2E. Other Changes to the Inputs
    • 12-3. Replacement Analysis
    • 12-4. Risk Analysis in Capital Budgeting
    • 12-5. Measuring Stand-Alone Risk
      • 12-5A. Sensitivity Analysis
      • 12-5B. Scenario Analysis
      • 12-5C. Monte Carlo Simulation
    • 12-6. Within-Firm and Beta Risk
    • 12-7. Unequal Project Lives
      • 12-7A. Replacement Chains
      • 12-7B. Equivalent Annual Annuities (EAA)
      • 12-7C. Conclusions About Unequal Lives
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
  • Web Appendix 12A. Tax Depreciation
    • Section Content
  • Web Appendix 12B. Refunding Operations
    • Section Content
    • Step 1: Determine the Investment Outlay Required to Refund the Issue
    • Step 2: Calculate the Annual Flotation Cost Tax Effects
    • Step 3: Calculate the Annual Interest Savings
    • Step 4: Determine the NPV of the Refunding
    • Questions
    • Problems
  • Web Appendix 12C. Using the CAPM to Estimate the Risk-Adjusted Cost of Capital
    • Section Content
    • Questions
    • Problems
  • Web Appendix 12D. Techniques for Measuring Beta Risk
    • Section Content
    • The Pure-Play Method
    • The Accounting Beta Method
    • Questions
    • Problems
  • Chapter 13. Real Options and Other Topics in Capital Budgeting
    • 13-1. Introduction to Real Options
    • 13-2. Growth (Expansion) Options
    • 13-3. Abandonment/Shutdown Options
    • 13-4. Investment Timing Options
    • 13-5. Flexibility Options
    • 13-6. The Optimal Capital Budget
    • 13-7. The Post-Audit
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problems
    • Integrated Case
• Part 5. Capital Structure and Dividend Policy
  • Chapter 14. Capital Structure and Leverage
    • 14-1. Book, Market, or “Target” Weights?
      • 14-1A. Measuring the Capital Structure
      • 14-1B. Capital Structure Changes over Time
    • 14-2. Business and Financial Risk
      • 14-2A. Business Risk
      • 14-2B. Factors that Affect Business Risk
      • 14-2C. Operating Leverage
      • 14-2D. Financial Risk
    • 14-3. Determining the Optimal Capital Structure
      • 14-3A. Wacc and Capital Structure Changes
      • 14-3B. The Hamada Equation
      • 14-3C. The Optimal Capital Structure
    • 14-4. Capital Structure Theory
      • 14-4A. The Effect of Taxes
      • 14-4B. The Effect of Potential Bankruptcy
      • 14-4C. Trade-off Theory
      • 14-4D. Signaling Theory
      • 14-4E. Using Debt Financing to Constrain Managers
      • 14-4F. Pecking Order Hypothesis
      • 14-4G. Windows of Opportunity
    • 14-5. Checklist for Capital Structure Decisions
    • 14-6. Variations in Capital Structures
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
  • Web Appendix 14A. Degree of Leverage
    • Section Content
    • Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL)
    • Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL)
    • Combining Operating and Financial Leverage (DTL)
    • Questions
    • Problems
  • Chapter 15. Distributions to Shareholders: Dividends and Share Repurchases
    • 15-1. Dividends versus Capital Gains: What Do Investors Prefer?
      • 15-1A. Dividend Irrelevance Theory
      • 15-1B. Reasons Some Investors Prefer Dividends
      • 15-1C. Reasons Some Investors Prefer Capital Gains
    • 15-2. Other Dividend Policy Issues
      • 15-2A. Information Content, or Signaling, Hypothesis
      • 15-2B. Clientele Effect
    • 15-3. Establishing the Dividend Policy in Practice
      • 15-3A. Setting the Target Payout Ratio: The Residual Dividend Model
      • 15-3B. Earnings, Cash Flows, and Dividends
      • 15-3C. Payment Procedures
    • 15-4. Dividend Reinvestment Plans
    • 15-5. Summary of Factors Influencing Dividend Policy
      • 15-5A. Constraints
      • 15-5B. Investment Opportunities
      • 15-5C. Alternative Sources of Capital
      • 15-5D. Effects of Dividend Policy on r s
    • 15-6. Stock Dividends and Stock Splits
      • 15-6A. Stock Splits
      • 15-6B. Stock Dividends
      • 15-6C. Effect on Stock Prices
    • 15-7. Stock Repurchases
      • 15-7A. The Effects of Stock Repurchases
      • 15-7B. Advantages of Repurchases
      • 15-7C. Disadvantages of Repurchases
      • 15-7D. Conclusions on Stock Repurchases
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
  • Web Appendix 15A. The Residual Dividend Model: An Example
    • Section Content
• Part 6. Working Capital Management, Financial Forecasting, and Multinational Financial Management
  • Chapter 16. Working Capital Management
    • 16-1. Background on Working Capital
    • 16-2. Current Assets Investment Policies
    • 16-3. Current Assets Financing Policies
      • 16-3A. Maturity Matching, or “Self-Liquidating,” Approach
      • 16-3B. Aggressive Approach
      • 16-3C. Conservative Approach
      • 16-3D. Choosing between the Approaches
    • 16-4. The Cash Conversion Cycle
      • 16-4A. Calculating the Targeted CCC
      • 16-4B. Calculating the CCC from Financial Statements
    • 16-5. The Cash Budget
    • 16-6. Cash and Marketable Securities
      • 16-6A. Currency
      • 16-6B. Demand Deposits
      • 16-6C. Marketable Securities
    • 16-7. Inventories
    • 16-8. Accounts Receivable
      • 16-8A. Credit Policy
      • 16-8B. Setting and Implementing the Credit Policy
      • 16-8C. Monitoring Accounts Receivable
    • 16-9. Accounts Payable (Trade Credit)
    • 16-10. Bank Loans
      • 16-10A. Promissory Note
      • 16-10B. Line of Credit
      • 16-10C. Revolving Credit Agreement
      • 16-10D. Costs of Bank Loans
    • 16-11. Commercial Paper
    • 16-12. Accruals (Accrued Liabilities)
    • 16-13. Use of Security in Short-Term Financing
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case SKI Equipment Inc.
  • Web Appendix 16A. Inventory Management
    • Section Content
    • Retail Clothing Store
    • Appliance Manufacturer
    • Inventory Costs
    • Inventory Control Systems
    • Computerized Systems
    • Just-in-Time Systems
    • Just-In-Case Inventory System
    • Outsourcing
    • The Relationship between Production Scheduling and Inventory Levels
    • Questions
  • Web Appendix 16B. Short-Term Loans and Bank Financing
    • Section Content
    • Discount Interest
    • Compensating Balances
    • Effects of Compensating Balances
    • Questions
    • Problems
  • Chapter 17. Financial Planning and Forecasting
    • 17-1. Strategic Planning
    • 17-2. The Sales Forecast
    • 17-3. The Afn Equation
      • 17-3A. Excess Capacity Adjustments
    • 17-4. Forecasted Financial Statements
      • 17-4A. Part I. Inputs
      • 17-4B. Part II. Forecasted Income Statement
      • 17-4C. Part III. Forecasted Balance Sheet
      • 17-4D. Part IV. Ratios and Eps
      • 17-4E. Using the Forecast to Improve Operations
    • 17-5. Using Regression to Improve Forecasts
    • 17-6. Analyzing the Effects of Changing Ratios
      • 17-6A. Modifying Accounts Receivable
      • 17-6B. Modifying Inventories
      • 17-6C. Other “Special Studies”
    • Tying it all Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
  • Web Appendix 17A. Forecasting Financial Requirements When Financial Ratios Change
    • Section Content
    • Economies of Scale
    • Lumpy Assets
    • Excess Assets Due to Forecasting Errors
    • Questions
  • Chapter 18. Multinational Financial Management
    • 18-1. Multinational, or Global, Corporations
    • 18-2. Multinational versus Domestic Financial Management
    • 18-3. The International Monetary System
      • 18-3A. International Monetary Terminology
      • 18-3B. Current Monetary Arrangements
    • 18-4. Foreign Exchange Rate Quotations
      • 18-4A. Cross Rates
      • 18-4B. Interbank Foreign Currency Quotations
    • 18-5. Trading in Foreign Exchange
      • 18-5A. Spot Rates and Forward Rates
    • 18-6. Interest Rate Parity
    • 18-7. Purchasing Power Parity
    • 18-8. Inflation, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates
    • 18-9. International Money and Capital Markets
      • 18-9A. International Credit Markets
      • 18-9B. International Stock Markets
    • 18-10. Investing Overseas
    • 18-11. International Capital Budgeting
    • 18-12. International Capital Structures
    • Tying It All Together
    • Self-Test Questions and Problems
    • Questions
    • Problems
    • Comprehensive/Spreadsheet Problem
    • Integrated Case
• Appendix C. Selected Equations and Tables
• Frequently used Symbols

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