Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Foreword
• Preface
• Contributors
• Section A: Nutritional Foundations
  • Chapter 1: Gastrointestinal physiology
    • Enteric Nervous System
    • Mouth
    • Esophagus
    • Stomach
    • Small intestine
    • Cecum and colons
  • Chapter 2: Endocrine and metabolic physiology
    • Neuroendocrine regulation of appetite and energy balance
    • Endocrine regulation of metabolism
    • Overview of macronutrient metabolism
    • Storage of energy substrates in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
    • Insulin sensitivity and resistance
    • Skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism
  • Chapter 3: Factors affecting feed intake
    • Quantitative intake
    • Qualitative intake
    • Rate of intake
    • Conclusions
  • Chapter 4: Water
    • Body fluid compartments
    • Water balance
    • Fluid output or loss
    • Water intake
    • Drinking behavior of horses
    • Evaluating water supply and water intake
    • Water systems and maintenance
    • Methods to maintain or increase water intake
    • Water quality
    • Summary
  • Chapter 5: Energy systems and requirements
    • Introduction
    • Energy balance and defining energy units
    • Practical application of energy systems
    • Advantages and disadvantages of different systems
    • Conclusions
  • Chapter 6: Amino acids and protein
    • Introduction
    • Basic properties of proteins and amino acids
    • Protein and amino acid digestion and absorption
    • Dietary sources of protein and amino acids
    • Supplementation of individual amino acids/amino acid derivatives
    • Protein and amino acid requirements of horses
    • Methods of assessing dietary protein/amino acid adequacy
    • Signs of protein/amino acid deficiency and excess
    • Summary
  • Chapter 7: Fat and fatty acids
    • Structural chemistry and nomenclature
    • Fat digestion and absorption
    • Dietary sources of fat
    • Essential fatty acids
    • Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids
    • Potential benefits of increasing fat intake
    • Potential clinical applications of fat-added diets
    • Practical guidelines for feeding fat to horses
    • Conclusion
  • Chapter 8: Carbohydrates
    • Carbohydrate nomenclature
    • Sources of dietary carbohydrate and relevance to equine health
    • Assessment of carbohydrates in feed
    • Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
    • Management of nonstructural carbohydrate intake
    • Summary and overall recommendations
  • Chapter 9: Vitamins
    • Introduction
    • General considerations regarding vitamin requirements
    • Fat-soluble vitamins
    • Water-soluble vitamins
  • Chapter 10: Macro and trace elements in equine nutrition
    • Overview
    • Factors determining requirements
    • Minerals as essential nutrients
    • Trace elements
    • Conclusion
• Section B: Nutrition for Lifestage, Type or Function
  • Chapter 11: Feeding stallions and broodmares
    • Introduction
    • Stallions
    • Pregnant mares
    • Lactating mares
    • Reproductive efficiency in the mare
    • Conclusion
  • Chapter 12: Feeding the growing horse
    • Introduction
    • Growth
    • Energy requirements
    • Protein requirements
    • Mineral and vitamin requirements
    • Practical application
    • Conclusions
  • Chapter 13: Practical considerations for feeding racehorses
    • Performance metrics
    • Nutrition and performance
    • Typical feeding programs
    • Conclusion
  • Chapter 14: Nutritional management of elite endurance horses
    • Energy metabolism
    • Energy requirements
    • Meeting energy requirements
    • Protein nutrition
    • Fluid and electrolyte losses accompanying endurance exercise
    • Suggested feeding and management strategies for race days
    • Conclusion
    • Acknowledgment
  • Chapter 15: Nutritional considerations for aged horses
    • Introduction
    • Key aspects of aging in humans and other species
    • Definition and prevalence of the “geriatric” or “aged” horse
    • Common causes of mortality in aged horses
    • Clinical conditions most commonly associated with aging (not necessarily mortality) in horses
    • Changes in nutritional requirements with age
    • General considerations regarding feeding and management of the old horse
    • Specific considerations
    • Possible additional nutritional support
    • Conclusion
  • Chapter 16: Practical donkey and mule nutrition
    • The donkey
    • Feeding for pregnancy, lactation and growth
    • Practical feeding
    • Feeding mules
    • Special considerations for working donkeys
    • Summary
• Section C: Applied Nutrition – Feeds
  • Chapter 17: Feedstuffs for horses
    • Introduction
    • Roughage
    • Concentrate ingredients
    • Mineral and vitamin supply
  • Chapter 18: Pastures and pasture management
    • Introduction
    • Pastures
    • Stocking density and grazing systems
    • Grazing systems
    • Pasture manipulation
    • Weed control
    • Pasture toxicity
    • Soil
    • Seminatural grasslands
    • Manure management
    • Fertilization
    • Renovation and reseeding
    • Management practices – a yearly calendar and summary
    • Conclusion
  • Chapter 19: Specialized dietary supplements
    • Introduction
    • Nutrients with established requirements (but fed in amounts far greater than minimal requirements, as defined by the NRC 2007)
    • Substances with no known nutritional requirement
    • Complex materials that contain a mixture of putative active ingredients
    • Conclusion
  • Chapter 20: Feed hygiene and related disorders in horses
    • Introduction
    • Diversity/variety of contaminants in feeds for horses
    • Practical evaluation of feed hygiene
    • Microbiological investigations to assess the hygiene status of feedstuffs and bedding material
    • Potential effects of poor feed hygiene on horse health
    • Other potential contaminants
    • Water quality and hygiene
    • Responsibilities of partners in the feed supply chain
    • Summary
    • Acknowledgments
  • Chapter 21: The manufacturers’ role in feed quality and safety: A discussion on methods used in feed manufacturing processes to assure feed hygiene and safety
    • Introduction
    • Drivers of feed assurance
    • Methods for achieving quality
    • Demonstrating feed quality
    • Challenges
    • Conclusions
• Section D: Applied Nutrition
  • Chapter 22: Assessment of body condition and bodyweight
    • Introduction
    • Methods of assessing bodyweight
    • Methods of assessing body condition
    • Assessment of regional fat distribution
    • Implications for health and performance
    • Choosing an assessment method
    • Conclusions
  • Chapter 23: Ration evaluation and formulation
    • Information needed for ration evaluation
    • Predicted versus actual analysis
    • Assessment of current ration
    • Assessment of pasture
    • Laboratory analysis of feed and forage samples
    • Assessment of forage consumption
    • Assessment of grazing consumption
    • Matching intake to requirements
    • Establishing forage intake and a suitable forage to concentrate ratio
    • Other considerations
    • The use of supplements
    • Ration evaluation software
    • Advantages, disadvantages/limitations of various manufacturing processes
  • Chapter 24: Assessment of nutritional status from analysis of blood and other tissue samples
    • Urine
    • Hair
    • Hoof horn
    • Liver
  • Chapter 25: Effects of diet on behavior – normal and abnormal
    • Abnormal oral behavior associated with diet and feeding
    • Time budgets and feeding patterns in the wild and in modern husbandry
    • Digestive processes and links with behavior
    • Further evidence linking stereotypy with digestion and potential confounding factors
    • Effects of dietary carbohydrate, fiber and oil on behavior
    • Evidence for diet-mediated physiological changes
    • Glucoregulation and the serotonergic system
    • Behavior modification by feed supplements
    • Foraging enrichment
    • Conclusions
  • Chapter 26: Controversial areas in equine nutrition and feeding management: The Editors’ views
    • Questions concerning feed intake
    • The dilemma of “supplementation”
    • Conflict between athletic performance and optimal digestive health and behavior
    • Pre- and post-exercise feeding management of athletic horses
    • Nutrition and skin health
    • Conclusion
• Section E: Clinical Nutrition
  • Chapter 27: Laminitis
    • Epidemiology and risk factors
    • Pathogenesis
    • Management of cases
    • Countermeasures to nutritionally associated laminitis
    • Summary
  • Chapter 28: Obesity
    • Definition of obesity
    • Prevalence
    • Potential contributing factors
    • Disease associations
    • Pathophysiology of obesity
    • Management of obesity
    • Conclusion
  • Chapter 29: Feeding thin and starved horses
    • Aetiology
    • Case evaluation
    • Pathophysiology of food deprivation
    • Nutritional management of the thin horse
    • Rehabilitation of the chronically starved horse or pony
    • Nutritional management of the chronically starved horse
    • Monitoring rehabilitation
  • Chapter 30: Hyperlipemia
    • Epidemiology and risk factors
    • Pathophysiology
    • Conclusions
  • Chapter 31: Exercise-associated muscle disorders
    • Epidemiology and risk factors
    • Classification and etiology
    • Clinical signs
    • Diagnosis
    • Management and prevention
    • Conclusion
  • Chapter 32: Developmental orthopedic disease
    • Introduction
    • Etiology and pathology of DOD
    • Impact of nutrition on DOD
    • Nutritional recommendations for avoidance of DOD
  • Chapter 33: Oral joint supplements in the management of osteoarthritis
    • Introduction
    • Indications for OJSs
    • Types of OJSs
    • Glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulfate
    • Sasha’s Blend
    • Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid)
    • Avocado soy unsaponified (ASU)
    • Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
    • Conclusions
  • Chapter 34: Gastric ulceration
    • Epidemiology of equine gastric ulcers
    • Anatomical distribution of gastric ulcers
    • Risk factors and pathophysiology
    • Potential role of bile acids and bacteria within the stomach
    • Clinical signs of EGUS
    • Diagnosis of gastric ulceration
    • Nutritional management to reduce risk of gastric ulceration (Box 34.1)
    • Medical management
    • Conclusions
  • Chapter 35: Intestinal disease
    • Introduction
    • Diets and feeding behaviors
    • Epidemiology and risk factors for intestinal disease
    • Nutritional risk factors for diarrhea
    • Nutritional risk factors for colic
    • Pathophysiology of nutritional colic and diarrhea
    • Dietary principles for promoting intestinal health
    • Conclusion
  • Chapter 36: Urinary tract disease
    • Acute kidney injury and acute renal failure
    • Chronic kidney disease
    • Urolithiasis
  • Chapter 37: Hepatic insufficiency
    • Metabolic consequences of hepatic insufficiency
    • Dietary principles in hepatic insufficiency
    • Conclusions
  • Chapter 38: Nutritional considerations in grass sickness, botulism, equine motor neuron disease and equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy
    • Grass sickness
    • Botulism
    • Equine motor neuron disease (EMND)
    • Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM)
  • Chapter 39: Feeding management pre- and post-surgery
    • Introduction
    • Hormonal and metabolic changes associated with general anesthesia and surgery
    • Perioperative glucose regulation and control
    • Feeding management pre-surgery
    • Postoperative colic and ileus
    • Postoperative feeding management
    • Practical approach to feeding pre- and post-surgery
    • Summary
  • Chapter 40: Feeding orphan and sick foals
    • Introduction
    • The orphan foal
    • Sick neonatal foals
  • Chapter 41: Assisted enteral and parenteral feeding
    • Introduction
    • Effects of feed deprivation
    • Nutritional support
    • Conclusion
• Nutritional requirements, recommendations and example diets
• Glossary
• Index

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