Ecology
Höfundar: William D. Bowman, Sally D. Hacker
5.090 kr.
Lýsing:
The bestselling textbook for undergraduate ecology courses, Ecology is an easy-to-read and well-organized text for instructors and students to explore the basics of the field. Bowman and Hacker motivate students with an engaging case study-driven, conceptual approach that highlights relevant applications and data-driven examples. The new fifth edition is available in a dynamic and interactive Enhanced eBook at an affordable price.
Annað
- Höfundar: William D. Bowman, Sally D. Hacker
- Útgáfa:5
- Útgáfudagur: 2020-07-20
- Hægt að prenta út 2 bls.
- Hægt að afrita 2 bls.
- Format:ePub
- ISBN 13: 9781605359939
- Print ISBN: 9781605359281
- ISBN 10: 1605359939
Efnisyfirlit
- Cover
- Title page
- Copyright
- Dedication
- About the Authors
- Brief Contents
- Preface
- Reviewers
- Media and Supplements to accompany Ecology, International Fifth Edition
- Contents
- 1 The Web of Life
- Deformity and Decline in Amphibian Populations: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 1.1: Events in the natural world are interconnected.
- Connections in Nature
- CONCEPT 1.2: Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
- What Is Ecology?
- CONCEPT 1.3: Ecologists evaluate competing hypotheses about natural systems with observations, experiments, and models.
- Answering Ecological Questions
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION: APPROACHES USED TO STUDY GLOBAL WARMING
- ECOLOGICAL TOOLKIT 1.1: Designing Ecological Experiments
- ANALYZING DATA 1.1: Are Introduced Predators a Cause of Amphibian Decline?
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Deformity and Decline in Amphibian Populations
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: MISSION IMPOSSIBLE?
- Unit 1: Organisms and Their Environment
- 2 The Physical Environment
- Climate Variation and Salmon Abundance: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 2.1: Climate is the most fundamental component of the physical environment.
- Climate
- CONCEPT 2.2: Winds and ocean currents result from differences in solar radiation across Earth’s surface.
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation
- CONCEPT 2.3: Large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns establish global patterns of temperature and precipitation.
- Global Climate Patterns
- CONCEPT 2.4: Regional climates reflect the influence of oceans and continents, mountains, and vegetation.
- Regional Climate Influences
- ANALYZING DATA 2.1: How Do Changes in Vegetation Cover Influence Climate?
- CONCEPT 2.5: Seasonal and decadal climate variation are associated with changes in Earth’s position relative to the sun and the strength of atmospheric pressure cells.
- Climate Variation over Time
- CONCEPT 2.6: Salinity, acidity, and oxygen concentrations are major determinants of the chemical environment.
- The Chemical Environment
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Climate Variation and Salmon Abundance
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: CLIMATE VARIATION AND ECOLOGY
- 3 The Biosphere
- The American Serengeti—Twelve Centuries of Change in the Great Plains: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 3.1: Terrestrial biomes are characterized by the growth forms of the dominant vegetation.
- Terrestrial Biomes
- ECOLOGICAL TOOLKIT 3.1: Climate Diagrams
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION: TROPICAL FORESTS AND GREENHOUSE GASES
- ANALYZING DATA 3.1: How Will Climate Change Affect the Grasslands Biome?
- CONCEPT 3.2: Biological zones in freshwater ecosystems are associated with the velocity, depth, temperature, clarity, and chemistry of the water.
- Freshwater Biological Zones
- CONCEPT 3.3: Marine biological zones are determined by ocean depth, light availability, and the stability of the bottom substrate.
- Marine Biological Zones
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: The American Serengeti—Twelve Centuries of Change in the Great Plains
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH
- 4 Coping with Environmental Variation: Temperature and Water
- Frozen Frogs: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 4.1: Each species has a range of environmental tolerances that determines its potential geographic distribution.
- Responses to Environmental Variation
- CONCEPT 4.2: The temperature of an organism is determined by exchanges of energy with the external environment.
- Variation in Temperature
- ANALYZING DATA 4.1: How Does Fur Thickness Influence Metabolic Activity in Endotherms?
- CONCEPT 4.3: The water balance of an organism is determined by exchanges of water and solutes with the external environment.
- Variation in Water Availability
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Frozen Frogs
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: DESICCATION TOLERANCE, BODY SIZE, AND RARITY
- 5 Coping with Environmental Variation: Energy
- Toolmaking Crows: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 5.1: Organisms obtain energy from sunlight, from inorganic chemical compounds, or through the consumption of organic compounds.
- Sources of Energy
- CONCEPT 5.2: Radiant and chemical energy captured by autotrophs is converted into stored energy in carbon–carbon bonds.
- Autotrophy
- ANALYZING DATA 5.1: How Does Acclimatization Affect Plant Energy Balance?
- CONCEPT 5.3: Environmental constraints have resulted in the evolution of biochemical pathways that improve the efficiency of photosynthesis.
- Photosynthetic Pathways
- ECOLOGICAL TOOLKIT 5.1: Stable Isotopes
- CONCEPT 5.4: Heterotrophs have adaptations for acquiring and assimilating energy efficiently from a variety of organic sources.
- Heterotrophy
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Toolmaking Crows
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: TOOL USE: ADAPTATION OR LEARNED BEHAVIOR?
- 2 The Physical Environment
- 6 Evolution and Ecology
- Trophy Hunting and Inadvertent Evolution: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 6.1: Evolution can be viewed as genetic change over time or as a process of descent with modification.
- What Is Evolution?
- CONCEPT 6.2: Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow can cause allele frequencies in a population to change over time.
- Mechanisms of Evolution
- CONCEPT 6.3: Natural selection is the mechanism for adaptive evolution.
- Adaptive Evolution
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION: EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- CONCEPT 6.4: Long-term patterns of evolution are shaped by large-scale processes such as speciation, mass extinction, and adaptive radiation.
- The Evolutionary History of Life
- CONCEPT 6.5: Ecological interactions and evolution exert a profound influence on one another.
- Joint Effects of Ecology and Evolution
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Trophy Hunting and Inadvertent Evolution
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: THE HUMAN IMPACT ON EVOLUTION
- ANALYZING DATA 6.1: Does Predation by Birds Cause Evolution in Moth Populations?
- 7 Life History
- Nemo Grows Up: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 7.1: Life history patterns vary within and among species.
- Life History Diversity
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION: CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE TIMING OF SEASONAL ACTIVITIES
- CONCEPT 7.2: There are trade-offs between life history traits.
- Trade-Offs
- ANALYZING DATA 7.1: Is There a Trade-Off between Current and Delayed Reproduction in the Collared Flycatcher?
- CONCEPT 7.3: Organisms face different selection pressures at different life cycle stages.
- Life Cycle Evolution
- CONCEPT 7.4: Life history patterns can be classified along several continua.
- Life History Continua
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Nemo Grows Up
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: TERRITORIALITY, COMPETITION, AND LIFE HISTORY
- 8 Behavioral Ecology
- Baby Killers: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 8.1: Evolution is the basis for adaptive behavior.
- An Evolutionary Approach to Behavior
- CONCEPT 8.2: Animals make behavioral choices that enhance their energy gain and reduce their risk of becoming prey.
- Foraging Behavior
- CONCEPT 8.3: Mating behaviors reflect the costs and benefits of parental investment and mate defense.
- Mating Behavior
- CONCEPT 8.4: There are advantages and disadvantages to living in groups.
- Living in Groups
- ANALYZING DATA 8.1: Does the Dilution Effect Protect Individual Ocean Skaters from Fish Predators?
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Baby Killers
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO PREDATORS HAVE BROAD ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
- 9 Population Distribution and Abundance
- From Kelp Forest to Urchin Barren: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 9.1: Populations are groups of individuals of the same species that vary in size over space and time.
- Populations and Individuals
- ECOLOGICAL TOOLKIT 9.1: Estimating Abundance
- CONCEPT 9.2: Species vary in their distribution and abundance across their geographic range.
- Distribution and Abundance Patterns
- CONCEPT 9.3: Species are limited in their distribution and abundance by habitat suitability, historical factors, and dispersal.
- Processes Important to Distribution and Abundance
- ANALYZING DATA 9.1: Have Introduced Grasses Altered the Occurrence of Fires in Hawaiian Dry Forests?
- CONCEPT 9.4: In metapopulations, sets of spatially isolated populations are linked by dispersal.
- Metapopulations
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: From Kelp Forest to Urchin Barren
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION Effects of Climate Change on the Geographic Distributions of Species
- Connections in Nature From Urchins to Ecosystems
- 10 Population Dynamics
- A Sea in Trouble: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 10.1: Populations are dynamic entities that vary in size over time.
- Patterns of Population Growth
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION Collapsing Population Cycles and Climate Change
- CONCEPT 10.2: Delayed density dependence can cause populations to cycle.
- Delayed Density Dependence
- CONCEPT 10.3: The risk of extinction increases in populations that fluctuate in size and/or are small.
- Population Extinction
- ANALYZING DATA 10.1: How Does Variation in Population Growth Rate Affect Population Size?
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: A Sea in Trouble
- Connections in Nature From Bottom to Top, and Back Again
- 11 Population Growth and Regulation
- Human Population Growth: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 11.1: Populations can grow exponentially when conditions are favorable, but exponential growth cannot continue indefinitely.
- Geometric and Exponential Growth
- ANALYZING DATA 11.1: How Has the Growth of the Human Population Changed over Time?
- CONCEPT 11.2: Population size is determined by a combination of density-dependent and density-independent factors.
- Effects of Density
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION Effects of Climate Change on Tree Mortality Rates
- CONCEPT 11.3: The logistic equation incorporates limits to growth and shows how a population may stabilize at a maximum size, the carrying capacity.
- Logistic Growth
- CONCEPT 11.4: Life tables show how survival and reproduction vary with age or size structure, influencing population growth and size.
- Life Tables
- ECOLOGICAL TOOLKIT 11.1: Estimating Population Growth Rates in a Threatened Species
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Human Population Growth
- Connections in Nature Your Ecological Footprint
- 12 Predation
- Snowshoe Hare Cycles: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 12.1: Most carnivores have broad diets, whereas a majority of herbivores have relatively narrow diets.
- Carnivore and Herbivore Dietary Preferences
- CONCEPT 12.2: Predation results in a wide range of capture and avoidance mechanisms.
- Mechanisms Important to Predation
- ANALYZING DATA 12.1: Do Different Herbivore Species Select for Different Plant Genotypes?
- CONCEPT 12.3: Predator populations can cycle with their prey populations.
- Predator–Prey Population Cycles
- CONCEPT 12.4: Predation can affect prey distribution and abundance, in some cases causing a shift from one community type to another.
- Effects of Predation on Communities
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION: CLIMATE CHANGE AND SPECIES INTERACTIONS
- A CASE STUDY REVISTED Snowshoe Hare Cycles
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: FROM FEAR TO HORMONES TO POPULATION DYNAMICS
- 13 Parasitism
- Enslaver Parasites: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 13.1: Parasites typically feed on only one or a few host species, but host species have multiple parasite species.
- Parasite Natural History
- CONCEPT 13.2: Hosts have mechanisms for defending themselves against parasites, and parasites have mechanisms for overcoming host defenses.
- Defense and Counterdefenses
- ANALYZING DATA 13.1: Will a Defensive Symbiont Increase in Frequency in a Host Population Subjected to Parasitism?
- CONCEPT 13.3: Host and parasite populations can evolve together, each in response to selection pressure imposed by the other.
- Parasite–Host Coevolution
- CONCEPT 13.4: Hosts and parasites can have important effects on each other’s population dynamics.
- Host–Parasite Population Dynamics
- CONCEPT 13.5: Parasites can alter the outcomes of species interactions, thereby causing communities to change.
- Parasites Can Change Ecological Communities
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION: CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISEASE SPREAD
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Enslaver Parasites
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: FROM CHEMICALS TO EVOLUTION AND ECOSYSTEMS
- 14 Competition
- Competition in Plants That Eat Animals: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 14.1: Competition can be direct or indirect, vary in its intensity, and occur between similar or dissimilar species.
- General Features of Competition
- CONCEPT 14.2: Competing species are more likely to coexist when they use resources in different ways.
- Competitive Coexistence
- CONCEPT 14.3: Competitive interactions can be modeled using the logistic equation.
- The Lotka–Volterra Competition Model
- ANALYZING DATA 14.1: Will Competition with a Native Mosquito Species Prevent the Spread of an Introduced Mosquito?
- CONCEPT 14.4: The outcome of competition can be altered by predation, the physical environment, and disturbance.
- Altering the Outcome of Competition
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Competition in Plants That Eat Animals
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: THE PARADOX OF DIVERSITY
- 15 Mutualism and Commensalism
- The First Farmers: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 15.1: In positive interactions, no species is harmed, and the benefits are greater than the costs for at least one species.
- Positive Interactions
- CONCEPT 15.2: Each partner in a mutualistic interaction acts in ways that serve its own ecological and evolutionary interests.
- Characteristics of Mutualism
- ANALYZING DATA 15.1: Does a Mycorrhizal Fungus Transfer More Phosphorus to Plant Roots That Provide More Carbohydrates?
- CONCEPT 15.3: Positive interactions affect the abundances and distributions of populations as well as the structure of ecological communities.
- Ecological Consequences of Positive Interactions
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: The First Farmers
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: FROM MANDIBLES TO NUTRIENT CYCLING
- 16 The Nature of Communities
- “Killer Algae!”: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 16.1: Communities are groups of interacting species that occur together at the same place and time.
- What Are Communities?
- CONCEPT 16.2: Species diversity and species composition are important descriptors of community structure.
- Community Structure
- ANALYZING DATA 16.1: What Are the Effects of Invasive Species on Species Diversity?
- CONCEPT 16.3: Communities can be characterized by complex networks of direct and indirect interactions that vary in strength and direction.
- Interactions of Multiple Species
- ECOLOGICAL TOOLKIT 16.1: Measurements of Interaction Strength
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION: CONTEXT DEPENDENCE OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: “Killer Algae!”
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: STOPPING INVASIONS REQUIRES COMMITMENT
- 17 Change in Communities
- A Natural Experiment of Mountainous Proportions: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 17.1: Agents of change act on communities across all temporal and spatial scales.
- Agents of Change
- CONCEPT 17.2: Succession is the process of change in species composition over time as a result of abiotic and biotic agents of change.
- The Basics of Succession
- CONCEPT 17.3: Experimental work on succession shows its mechanisms to be diverse and context dependent.
- Mechanisms of Succession
- ANALYZING DATA 17.1: What Kinds of Species Interactions Drive Succession in Mountain Forests?
- CONCEPT 17.4: Communities can follow different successional paths and display alternative states.
- Alternative Stable States
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: A Natural Experiment of Mountainous Proportions
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: PRIMARY SUCCESSION AND MUTUALISM
- 18 Biogeography
- The Largest Ecological Experiment on Earth: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 18.1: Patterns of species diversity and distribution vary at global, regional, and local spatial scales.
- Biogeography and Spatial Scale
- CONCEPT 18.2: Global patterns of species diversity and composition are influenced by geographic area and isolation, evolutionary history, and global climate.
- Global Biogeography
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION: LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS IN DIVERSITY UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
- CONCEPT 18.3: Regional differences in species diversity are influenced by area and distance, which determine the balance between immigration and extinction rates.
- Regional Biogeography
- ECOLOGICAL TOOLKIT 18.1: Species–Area Curves
- ANALYZING DATA 18.1: Do Species Invasions Influence Species–Area Curves?
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: The Largest Ecological Experiment on Earth
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: TROPICAL RAINFOREST DIVERSITY BENEFITS HUMANS
- 19 Species Diversity in Communities
- Can Species Diversity Suppress Human Diseases? A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 19.1: Species diversity differs among communities as a consequence of regional species pools, abiotic conditions, and species interactions.
- Community Membership
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION: HOW ARE SPECIES INVASIONS ENHANCED BY CLIMATE CHANGE?
- CONCEPT 19.2: Resource partitioning is theorized to reduce competition and increase species diversity.
- Resource Partitioning
- CONCEPT 19.3: Processes such as disturbance, stress, predation, and positive interactions can mediate resource availability, thus promoting species diversity.
- Resource Mediation and Species Diversity
- ANALYZING DATA 19.1: How Do Predation and Dispersal Interact to Influence Species Richness?
- CONCEPT 19.4: Many experiments show that species diversity affects community function.
- The Consequences of Diversity
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Can Species Diversity Suppress Human Diseases?
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: MANAGING PATHOGENS BY MANAGING BIODIVERSITY
- 20 Production
- Life in the Deep Blue Sea, How Can It Be? A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 20.1: Energy in ecosystems originates with primary production by autotrophs.
- Primary Production
- ECOLOGICAL TOOLKIT 20.1: Remote Sensing
- ANALYZING DATA 20.1: Does Deforestation Influence Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations?
- CONCEPT 20.2: Net primary production is constrained by both physical and biotic environmental factors.
- Environmental Controls on NPP
- CONCEPT 20.3: Global patterns of net primary production reflect climate constraints and biome types.
- Global Patterns of NPP
- CONCEPT 20.4: Secondary production is generated through the consumption of organic matter by heterotrophs.
- Secondary Production
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Life in the Deep Blue Sea, How Can It Be?
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: ENERGY-DRIVEN SUCCESSION AND EVOLUTION IN HYDROTHERMAL VENT COMMUNITIES
- 21 Energy Flow and Food Webs
- Toxins in Remote Places: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 21.1: Trophic levels describe the feeding positions of groups of organisms in ecosystems.
- Feeding Relationships
- CONCEPT 21.2: The amount of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next depends on food quality and on consumer abundance and physiology.
- Energy Flow between Trophic Levels
- CONCEPT 21.3: Changes in the abundances of organisms at one trophic level can influence energy flow at multiple trophic levels.
- Trophic Cascades
- ANALYZING DATA 21.1: Does the Identity of Organisms Influence Energy Flow between Trophic Levels?
- CONCEPT 21.4: Food webs are conceptual models of the trophic interactions of organisms in an ecosystem.
- Food Webs
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Toxins in Remote Places
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS
- 22 Nutrient Supply and Cycling
- A Fragile Crust: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 22.1: Nutrients enter ecosystems through the chemical breakdown of minerals in rocks or through fixation of atmospheric gases.
- Nutrient Requirements and Sources
- CONCEPT 22.2: Chemical and biological transformations in ecosystems alter the chemical form and supply of nutrients.
- Nutrient Transformations
- ANALYZING DATA 22.1: Does Lignin Always Inhibit Decomposition?
- CONCEPT 22.3: Nutrients cycle repeatedly through the components of ecosystems.
- Nutrient Cycles and Losses
- ECOLOGICAL TOOLKIT 22.1: Instrumenting Catchments
- CONCEPT 22.4: Freshwater and marine nutrient cycles occur in a moving medium and are linked to terrestrial ecosystems.
- Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: A Fragile Crust
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: NUTRIENTS, DISTURBANCE, AND INVASIVE SPECIES
- 23 Conservation Biology
- Can Birds and Bombs Coexist? A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 23.1: Conservation biology is an integrative discipline that applies the principles of ecology to the protection of biodiversity.
- Conservation Biology
- CONCEPT 23.2: Biodiversity is declining globally.
- Declining Biodiversity
- CONCEPT 23.3: Primary threats to diversity include habitat loss, invasive species, overexploitation, pollution, disease, and climate change.
- Threats to Diversity
- ANALYZING DATA 23.1: Do Nitric Oxide Emissions Differ Statistically between Plots with and without Kudzu?
- CLIMATE CHANGE CONNECTION: IMPACTS ON DIVERSITY
- CONCEPT 23.4: Conservation biologists use many tools and work at multiple scales to manage declining populations.
- Approaches to Conservation
- ECOLOGICAL TOOLKIT 23.1: Forensics in Conservation Biology
- CONCEPT 23.5: Prioritizing species helps maximize the biodiversity that can be protected with limited resources.
- Ranking Species for Protection
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Can Birds and Bombs Coexist?
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: SOME BURNING QUESTIONS
- 24 Global Ecology
- Dust Storms of Epic Proportions: A Case Study
- Introduction
- CONCEPT 24.1: Elements move among geologic, atmospheric, oceanic, and biological pools at a global scale.
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles
- ANALYZING DATA 24.1: How Much Will Ocean pH Drop in the Twenty-First Century?
- CONCEPT 24.2: Earth is warming because of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases.
- Global Climate Change
- CONCEPT 24.3: Anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen cause acid deposition, alter soil chemistry, and affect the health of ecosystems.
- Acid and Nitrogen Deposition
- CONCEPT 24.4: Losses of ozone in the stratosphere and increases in ozone in the troposphere both pose risks to organisms.
- Atmospheric Ozone
- A CASE STUDY REVISITED: Dust Storms of Epic Proportions
- CONNECTIONS in NATURE: DUST AS A VECTOR OF ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS
UM RAFBÆKUR Á HEIMKAUP.IS
Bókahillan þín er þitt svæði og þar eru bækurnar þínar geymdar. Þú kemst í bókahilluna þína hvar og hvenær sem er í tölvu eða snjalltæki. Einfalt og þægilegt!Rafbók til eignar
Rafbók til eignar þarf að hlaða niður á þau tæki sem þú vilt nota innan eins árs frá því bókin er keypt.
Þú kemst í bækurnar hvar sem er
Þú getur nálgast allar raf(skóla)bækurnar þínar á einu augabragði, hvar og hvenær sem er í bókahillunni þinni. Engin taska, enginn kyndill og ekkert vesen (hvað þá yfirvigt).
Auðvelt að fletta og leita
Þú getur flakkað milli síðna og kafla eins og þér hentar best og farið beint í ákveðna kafla úr efnisyfirlitinu. Í leitinni finnur þú orð, kafla eða síður í einum smelli.
Glósur og yfirstrikanir
Þú getur auðkennt textabrot með mismunandi litum og skrifað glósur að vild í rafbókina. Þú getur jafnvel séð glósur og yfirstrikanir hjá bekkjarsystkinum og kennara ef þeir leyfa það. Allt á einum stað.
Hvað viltu sjá? / Þú ræður hvernig síðan lítur út
Þú lagar síðuna að þínum þörfum. Stækkaðu eða minnkaðu myndir og texta með multi-level zoom til að sjá síðuna eins og þér hentar best í þínu námi.
Fleiri góðir kostir
- Þú getur prentað síður úr bókinni (innan þeirra marka sem útgefandinn setur)
- Möguleiki á tengingu við annað stafrænt og gagnvirkt efni, svo sem myndbönd eða spurningar úr efninu
- Auðvelt að afrita og líma efni/texta fyrir t.d. heimaverkefni eða ritgerðir
- Styður tækni sem hjálpar nemendum með sjón- eða heyrnarskerðingu
- Gerð : 208
- Höfundur : 12647
- Útgáfuár : 2020
- Leyfi : 380
