Efnisyfirlit

• Concepts in Thermal Physics
• Copyright
• Preface
• Contents
• Part I Preliminaries
  • 1 Introduction
    • 1.1 What is a mole?
    • 1.2 The thermodynamic limit
    • 1.3 The ideal gas
    • 1.4 Combinatorial problems
    • 1.5 Plan of the book
    • Exercises
  • 2 Heat
    • 2.1 A definition of heat
    • 2.2 Heat capacity
    • Exercises
  • 3 Probability
    • 3.1 Discrete probability distributions
    • 3.2 Continuous probability distributions
    • 3.3 Linear transformation
    • 3.4 Variance
    • 3.5 Linear transformation and the variance
    • 3.6 Independent variables
    • 3.7 Binomial distribution
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 4 Temperature and the Boltzmann factor
    • 4.1 Thermal equilibrium
    • 4.2 Thermometers
    • 4.3 The microstates and macrostates
    • 4.4 A statistical definition of temperature
    • 4.5 Ensembles
    • 4.6 Canonical ensemble
    • 4.7 Applications of the Boltzmann distribution
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
• Part II Kinetic theory of gases
  • 5 The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution
    • 5.1 The velocity distribution
    • 5.2 The speed distribution
    • 5.3 Experimental justification
    • Exercises
  • 6 Pressure
    • 6.1 Molecular distributions
    • 6.2 The ideal gas law
    • 6.3 Dalton’s law
    • Exercises
  • 7 Molecular effusion
    • 7.1 Flux
    • 7.2 Effusion
    • Exercises
  • 8 The mean free path and collisions
    • 8.1 The mean collision time
    • 8.2 The collision cross-section
    • 8.3 The mean free path
    • Exercises
• Part III Transport and thermal diffusion
  • 9 Transport properties in gases
    • 9.1 Viscosity
    • 9.2 Thermal conductivity
    • 9.3 Diffusion
    • 9.4 More detailed theory
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 10 The thermal diffusion equation
    • 10.1 Derivation of the thermal diffusion equation
    • 10.2 The one-dimensional thermal diffusion equation
    • 10.3 The steady state
    • 10.4 The thermal diffusion equation for a sphere
    • 10.5 Newton’s law of cooling
    • 10.6 The Prandtl number
    • 10.7 Sources of heat
    • 10.8 Particle diffusion
    • Exercises
• Part IV The first law
  • 11 Energy
    • 11.1 Some definitions
    • 11.2 The first law of thermodynamics
    • 11.3 Heat capacity
    • Exercises
  • 12 Isothermal and adiabatic processes
    • 12.1 Reversibility
    • 12.2 Isothermal expansion of an ideal gas
    • 12.3 Adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas
    • 12.4 Adiabatic atmosphere
    • Exercises
• Part V The second law
  • 13 Heat engines and the second law
    • 13.1 The second law of thermodynamics
    • 13.2 The Carnot engine
    • 13.3 Carnot’s theorem
    • 13.4 Equivalence of Clausius’ and Kelvin’s statements
    • 13.5 Examples of heat engines
    • 13.6 Heat engines running backwards
    • 13.7 Clausius’ theorem
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 14 Entropy
    • 14.1 Definition of entropy
    • 14.2 Irreversible change
    • 14.3 The first law revisited
    • 14.4 The Joule expansion
    • 14.5 The statistical basis for entropy
    • 14.6 The entropy of mixing
    • 14.7 Maxwell’s demon
    • 14.8 Entropy and probabilit
    • Exercises
  • 15 Information theory
    • 15.1 Information and Shannon entropy
    • 15.2 Information and thermodynamics
    • 15.3 Data compression
    • 15.4 Quantum informati
    • 15.5 Conditional and joint probabiliti
    • 15.6 Bayes’ theorem
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
• Part VI Thermodynamics in action
  • 16 Thermodynamic potentials
    • 16.1 Internal energy, U
    • 16.2 Enthalpy, H
    • 16.3 Helmholtz function, F
    • 16.4 Gibbs function, G
    • 16.5 Constraints
    • 16.6 Maxwell’s relations
    • Exercises
  • 17 Rods, bubbles, and magnets
    • 17.1 Elastic rod
    • 17.2 Surface tension
    • 17.3 Electric and magnetic dipoles
    • 17.4 Paramagnetism
    • Exercises
  • 18 The third law
    • 18.1 Different statements of the third law
    • 18.2 Consequences of the third law
    • Exercises
• Part VII Statistical mechanics
  • 19 Equipartition of energy
    • 19.1 Equipartition theorem
    • 19.2 Applications
    • 19.3 Assumptions made
    • 19.4 Brownian motion
    • Exercises
  • 20 The partition function
    • 20.1 Writing down the partition function
    • 20.2 Obtaining the functions of state
    • 20.3 The big idea
    • 20.4 Combining partition functions
    • Exercises
  • 21 Statistical mechanics of an ideal gas
    • 21.1 Density of states
    • 21.2 Quantum concentration
    • 21.3 Distinguishability
    • 21.4 Functions of state of the ideal gas
    • 21.5 Gibbs paradox
    • 21.6 Heat capacity of a diatomic g
    • Exercises
  • 22 The chemical potential
    • 22.1 A definition of the chemical potential
    • 22.2 The meaning of the chemical potential
    • 22.3 Grand partition function
    • 22.4 Grand potential
    • 22.5 Chemical potential as Gibbs function per particle
    • 22.6 Many types of particle
    • 22.7 Particle number conservation laws
    • 22.8 Chemical potential and chemical reactions
    • 22.9 Osmosis
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 23 Photons
    • 23.1 The classical thermodynamics of electromagnetic radiation
    • 23.2 Spectral energy density
    • 23.3 Kirchhoff’s law
    • 23.4 Radiation pressure
    • 23.5 The statistical mechanics of the photon gas
    • 23.6 Black-body distribution
    • 23.7 Cosmic microwave background radiation
    • 23.8 The Einstein A and B coefficients
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 24 Phonons
    • 24.1 The Einstein model
    • 24.2 The Debye model
    • 24.3 Phonon dispersion
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
• Part VIII Beyond the ideal gas
  • 25 Relativistic gase
    • 25.1 Relativistic dispersion relation for massive particles
    • 25.2 The ultrarelativistic gas
    • 25.3 Adiabatic expansion of an ultrarelativistic gas
    • Exercises
  • 26 Real gases
    • 26.1 The van der Waals gas
    • 26.2 The Dieterici equation
    • 26.3 Virial expansion
    • 26.4 The law of corresponding states
    • Exercises
  • 27 Cooling real gases
    • 27.1 The Joule expansion
    • 27.2 Isothermal expansion
    • 27.3 Joule–Kelvin expansion
    • 27.4 Liquefaction of gases
    • Exercises
  • 28 Phase transitions
    • 28.1 Latent heat
    • 28.2 Chemical potential and phase changes
    • 28.3 The Clausius–Clapeyron equation
    • 28.4 Stability and metastability
    • 28.5 The Gibbs phase rule
    • 28.6 Colligative properties
    • 28.7 Classification of phase transitions
    • 28.8 The Ising model
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 29 Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac distributions
    • 29.1 Exchange and symmetry
    • 29.2 Wave functions of identical particles
    • 29.3 The statistics of identical particles
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 30 Quantum gases and condensates
    • 30.1 The non-interacting quantum fluid
    • 30.2 The Fermi gas
    • 30.3 The Bose gas
    • 30.4 Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC)
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
• IX Special topics
  • 31 Sound waves
    • 31.1 Sound waves under isothermal conditions
    • 31.2 Sound waves under adiabatic conditions
    • 31.3 Are sound waves in general adiabatic or isothermal?
    • 31.4 Derivation of the speed of sound within fluids
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 32 Shock waves
    • 32.1 The Mach number
    • 32.2 Structure of shock waves
    • 32.3 Shock conservation laws
    • 32.4 The Rankine–Hugoniot conditions
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 33 Brownian motion and fluctuations
    • 33.1 Brownian motion
    • 33.2 Johnson noise
    • 33.3 Fluctuations
    • 33.4 Fluctuations and the availability
    • 33.5 Linear response
    • 33.6 Correlation functions
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 34 Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
    • 34.1 Entropy production
    • 34.2 The kinetic coefficients
    • 34.3 Proof of the Onsager reciprocal relations
    • 34.4 Thermoelectricity
    • 34.5 Time reversal and the arrow of time
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 35 Stars
    • 35.1 Gravitational interaction
    • 35.2 Nuclear reactions
    • 35.3 Heat transfer
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 36 Compact objects
    • 36.1 Electron degeneracy pressure
    • 36.2 White dwarfs
    • 36.3 Neutron stars
    • 36.4 Black holes
    • 36.5 Accretion
    • 36.6 Black holes and entropy
    • 36.7 Life, the Universe, and entropy
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
  • 37 Earth’s atmosphere
    • 37.1 Solar energy
    • 37.2 The temperature profile in the atmosphere
    • 37.3 Radiative transfer
    • 37.4 The greenhouse effect
    • 37.5 Global warming
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
• A Fundamental constants
• B Useful formulae
• C Useful mathematics
  • C.1 The factorial integral
  • C.2 The Gaussian integral
  • C.3 Stirling’s formula
  • C.4 Riemann zeta function
  • C.5 The polylogarithm
  • C.6 Partial derivatives
  • C.7 Exact differentials
  • C.8 Volume of a hypersphere
  • C.9 Jacobians
  • C.10 The Dirac delta function
  • C.11 Fourier transforms
  • C.12 Solution of the diffusion equation
  • C.13 Lagrange multipliers
• D The electromagnetic spectrum
• E Some thermodynamical definitions
• F Thermodynamic expansion formulae
• G Reduced mass
• H Glossary of main symbols
• Bibliography
• Index

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