Efnisyfirlit

• Table of Contents and Preface
  • Cover Page
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • Brief Contents
  • Contents
  • Guide to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
  • About the Authors
  • Expert Consultants
  • Connecting Research and Results
  • Preface
  • Content Revisions
  • Acknowledgments
• Chapter 1: Introduction
  • Section One: The Nature of Child Development
    • The Nature of Child Development
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • Caring for Children
    • Improving the Lives of Children
    • Resilience, Social Policy, and Children’s Development
  • Developmental Processes, Periods, and Issues
    • Biological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Processes
    • Periods of Development
    • Cohort Effects
    • Issues in Development
  • The Science of Child Development
    • The Importance of Research
    • Theories of Child Development
    • Research Methods for Collecting Data
    • Research Designs
    • Challenges in Child Development Research
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Introduction
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
  • Appendix: Careers in Child Development
    • Education and Research
    • Clinical and Counseling
    • Medical, Nursing, and Physical Development
    • Families and Relationships
• Chapter 2: Contexts of Development: Culture, Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Technology
  • Chapter 2 Introduction
  • Culture and Children’s Development
    • The Relevance of Culture to the Study of Children
    • Cross-Cultural Comparisons
  • Race and Ethnicity
    • Immigration
    • Differences and Diversity
    • Prejudice and Discrimination
  • Socioeconomic Status and Poverty
    • What Is Socioeconomic Status?
    • Socioeconomic Variations in Families, Neighborhoods, and Schools
    • Poverty
    • Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status
  • Technology
    • Media Use and Screen Time
    • Television and Electronic Media
    • Digital Devices and the Internet
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Culture and Diversity
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 3: Biological Beginnings
  • Section Two: Biological Processes, Physical Development, and Perceptual Development
    • Biological Processes, Physical Development, and Perceptual Development
  • Chapter 3 Introduction
  • The Evolutionary Perspective
    • Natural Selection and Adaptive Behavior
    • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Genetic Foundations of Development
    • The Collaborative Gene
    • Genes and Chromosomes
    • Genetic Principles
    • Chromosomal and Gene-Linked Abnormalities
  • Reproductive Challenges and Choices
    • Prenatal Diagnostic Tests
    • Infertility and Reproductive Technology
    • Adoption
  • Heredity and Environment Interaction: Nature and Nurture
    • Behavior Genetics
    • Heredity-Environment Correlations
    • Shared and Nonshared Environmental Experiences
    • The Epigenetic View and Gene × Environment (G × E) Interaction
    • Conclusions about Heredity-Environment Interaction
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Biological Beginnings
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth
  • Chapter 4 Introduction
  • Prenatal Development
    • The Course of Prenatal Development
    • Teratology and Hazards to Prenatal Development
    • Prenatal Care
    • Typical Prenatal Development
  • Birth
    • The Birth Process
    • Assessing the Newborn
    • Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants
  • The Postpartum Period
    • Physical Adjustments
    • Emotional and Psychological Adjustments
    • Bonding
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Prenatal Development and Birth
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 5: Physical Development and Health
  • Chapter 5 Introduction
  • Body Growth and Change
    • Patterns of Growth
    • Infancy and Childhood
    • Adolescence
  • The Brain
    • The Neuroconstructivist View
    • Brain Physiology
    • Infancy
    • Childhood
    • Adolescence
  • Sleep
    • Infancy
    • Childhood
    • Adolescence
  • Health
    • Illness and Injuries among Children
    • Nutrition and Eating Behavior
    • Exercise
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Physical Development and Health
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 6: Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
  • Chapter 6: Introduction
  • Motor Development
    • The Dynamic Systems View
    • Reflexes
    • Gross Motor Skills
    • Fine Motor Skills
  • Sensory and Perceptual Development
    • What are Sensation and Perception?
    • The Ecological View
    • Visual Perception
    • Other Senses
    • Intermodal Perception
    • Nature, Nurture, and Perceptual Development
  • Perceptual-Motor Coupling
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 7: Historical Foundations of Cognitive Developmental Theories
  • Section three: Cognition and Language
    • Cognition and Language
  • Chapter 7 Introduction
  • Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
    • Processes of Development
    • Sensorimotor Stage
    • Preoperational Stage
    • Concrete Operational Stage
    • Formal Operational Stage
  • Applying and Evaluating Piaget’s Theory
    • Piaget and Education
    • Evaluating Piaget’s Theory
  • Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development
    • The Zone of Proximal Development
    • Scaffolding
    • Language and Thought
    • Teaching Strategies
    • Evaluating Vygotsky’s Theory
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Historical Foundations of Cognitive Developmental Theories
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 8: Information Processing
  • Chapter 8 Introduction
  • The Information-Processing Approach
    • The Information-Processing Approach to Development
    • Cognitive Resources: Capacity and Speed of Processing Information
    • Mechanisms of Change
    • Comparisons with Piaget’s Theory
  • Attention
    • What is Attention?
    • Infancy
    • Childhood
    • Adolescence
  • Memory
    • What is Memory?
    • Infancy
    • Childhood
    • Adolescence
  • Thinking
    • What is Thinking?
    • Infancy
    • Childhood
    • Adolescence
  • Metacognition
    • What is Metacognition?
    • The Child’s Theory of Mind
    • Metacognition in Childhood
    • Metacognition in Adolescence
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Information Processing
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 9: Intelligence
  • Chapter 9 Introduction
  • The Concept of Intelligence
    • What is Intelligence?
    • Intelligence Tests
    • Theories of Multiple Intelligences
    • The Neuroscience of Intelligence
    • The Influence of Heredity and Environment
    • Group Comparisons
  • The Development of Intelligence
    • Tests of Infant Intelligence
    • Stability and Change in Intelligence through Adolescence
  • The Extremes of Intelligence and Creativity
    • Intellectual Disability
    • Giftedness
    • Creativity
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Intelligence
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 10: Language Development
  • Chapter 10 Introduction
  • What Is Language?
    • Defining Language
    • Language’s “Rule Systems”
  • How Language Develops
    • Infancy
    • Early Childhood
    • Middle and Late Childhood
    • Adolescence
  • Biological and Environmental Influences
    • Biological Influences
    • Environmental Influences
    • An Interactionist View of Language
  • Language and Cognition
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Language Development
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 11: Emotional Development
  • Section four: Socioemotional Development
    • Socioemotional Development
  • Chapter 11 Introduction
  • Exploring Emotion
    • What Are Emotions?
    • A Functionalist View of Emotions
    • Emotional Competence
  • Development of Emotion
    • Infancy
    • Early Childhood
    • Middle and Late Childhood
  • Temperament
    • Describing and Classifying Temperament
    • Biological Foundations and Experience
    • Goodness of Fit and Parenting
  • Social Orientation/Understanding, Attachment, and Child Care
    • Social Orientation/Understanding
    • Attachment
    • Fathers and Mothers as Caregivers
    • Child Care
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Emotional Development
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 12: The Self and Identity
  • Chapter 12 Introduction
  • Self-Understanding and Understanding Others
    • Self-Understanding
    • Understanding Others
  • Self-Esteem and Self-Concept
    • What are Self-Esteem and Self-Concept?
    • Assessment
    • Developmental Changes
    • Variations in Self-Esteem
  • Identity
    • What Is Identity?
    • Erikson’s View
    • Developmental Changes
    • Social Contexts
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • The Self and Identity
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 13: Gender
  • Chapter 13 Introduction
  • What Is Gender?
  • Influences on Gender Development
    • Biological Influences
    • Social Influences
    • Cognitive Influences
  • Gender Stereotypes, Similarities, and Differences
    • Gender Stereotyping
    • Gender and Sex Similarities and Differences
  • Gender-Role Classification
    • What is Gender-Role Classification?
    • Gender Identity in Childhood and Adolescence
    • Challenging the Gender Binary and Stereotypes
    • Gender in Context
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Gender
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 14: Moral Development
  • Chapter 14 Introduction
  • Domains of Moral Development
    • What is Moral Development?
    • Moral Thought
    • Moral Behavior
    • Moral Feeling
    • Moral Personality
    • Social-Cognitive Domain Theory
  • Contexts of Moral Development
    • Parenting
    • Schools
  • Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior
    • Prosocial Behavior
    • Antisocial Behavior
  • Religious and Spiritual Development
    • Childhood
    • Adolescence
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Moral Development
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 15: Families
  • Section Five: Social Systems in Development
    • Social Systems in Development
  • Chapter 15 Introduction
  • Family Processes
    • Interactions in the Family System
    • Cognition and Emotion in Family Processes
    • Multiple Developmental Trajectories
    • Domain-Specific Socialization
    • Sociocultural and Historical Changes
  • Parenting
    • Parental Roles and the Timing of Parenthood
    • Adapting Parenting to Developmental Changes in Children
    • Parents as Managers of Children’s Lives
    • Parenting Styles and Discipline
    • Parent-Adolescent Relationships
    • Intergenerational Relationships
  • Siblings
    • Sibling Relationships
    • Birth Order
  • The Changing Family in a Changing Social World
    • Working Parents
    • Children in Divorced Families
    • Stepfamilies
    • LGBTQ Parents
    • Cultural, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Variations in Families
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Families
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 16: Peers
  • Chapter 16 Introduction
  • Peer Relations
    • Exploring Peer Relations
    • The Developmental Course of Peer Relations in Childhood
    • The Distinct but Coordinated Worlds of Parent-Child and Peer Relations
    • Social Cognition and Emotion
    • Peer Statuses
    • Bullying
  • Play
    • Play’s Functions
    • Types of Play
    • Trends in Play
  • Friendship
    • Friendship’s Functions
    • Similarity and Intimacy
    • Gender and Friendship
    • Mixed-Age Friendships
    • Other-Sex Friendships
  • Peer Relations in Adolescence
    • Peer Pressure and Conformity
    • Cliques and Crowds
    • Romantic Relationships
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Peers
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Chapter 17: Schools and Achievement
  • Chapter 17 Introduction
  • Exploring Children’s Schooling
    • Contemporary Approaches to Student Learning and Assessment
    • Early Childhood Education
    • Elementary School
    • Educating Adolescents
    • Socioeconomic Status, RACE, and Ethnicity
    • Schools and The Coronavirus Pandemic
  • Children with Disabilities
    • The Scope of Disabilities
    • Educational Issues
  • Achievement
    • Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation
    • Cognitive Processes
    • Ethnicity and Culture
  • Reach Your Learning Goals
    • Schools and Achievement
    • Key Terms
    • Key people
• Glossary
  • glossary
• References
  • References
• Name Index
  • name index
• Subject Index
  • subject index
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