Efnisyfirlit

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• Chapter 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Dynamic Meteorology
  • 1.2 Conservation of Momentum
  • 1.3 Noninertial Reference Frames and “Apparent” Forces
  • 1.4 Structure of the Static Atmosphere
  • 1.5 Kinematics
  • 1.6 Scale Analysis
  • Suggested References
• Chapter 2. Basic Conservation Laws
  • 2.1 Total Differentiation
  • 2.2 The Vectorial Form of the Momentum Equation in Rotating Coordinates
  • 2.3 Component Equations in Spherical Coordinates
  • 2.4 Scale Analysis of the Equations of Motion
  • 2.5 The Continuity Equation
  • 2.6 The Thermodynamic Energy Equation
  • 2.7 Thermodynamics of the Dry Atmosphere
  • 2.8 The Boussinesq Approximation
  • 2.9 Thermodynamics of the Moist Atmosphere
  • Suggested References
• Chapter 3. Elementary Applications of the Basic Equations
  • 3.1 Basic Equations in Isobaric Coordinates
  • 3.2 Balanced Flow
  • 3.3 Trajectories and Streamlines
  • 3.4 The Thermal Wind
  • 3.5 Vertical Motion
  • 3.6 Surface Pressure Tendency
• Chapter 4. Circulation, Vorticity, and Potential Vorticity
  • 4.1 The Circulation Theorem
  • 4.2 Vorticity
  • 4.3 The Vorticity Equation
  • 4.4 Potential Vorticity
  • 4.5 Shallow Water Equations
  • 4.6 Ertel Potential Vorticity in Isentropic Coordinates
  • Suggested References
• Chapter 5. Atmospheric Oscillations: Linear Perturbation Theory
  • 5.1 The Perturbation Method
  • 5.2 Properties of Waves
  • 5.3 Simple Wave Types
  • 5.4 Internal Gravity (Buoyancy) Waves
  • 5.5 Linear Waves of A Rotating Stratified Atmosphere
  • 5.6 Adjustment to Geostrophic Balance
  • 5.7 Rossby Waves
  • Suggested References
• Chapter 6. Quasi-geostrophic Analysis
  • 6.1 The Observed Structure of Extratropical Circulations
  • 6.2 Derivation of the Quasi-Geostrophic Equations
  • 6.3 Potential vorticity derivation of the QG equations
  • 6.4 Potential Vorticity Thinking
  • 6.5 Vertical Motion (w) Thinking
  • 6.6 Idealized Model of a Baroclinic Disturbance
  • 6.7 Isobaric Form of the QG Equations
  • Suggested References
• Chapter 7. Baroclinic Development
  • 7.1 Hydrodynamic Instability
  • 7.2 Normal Mode Baroclinic Instability: A Two-Layer Model
  • 7.3 The Energetics of Baroclinic Waves
  • 7.4 Baroclinic Instability of a Continuously Stratified Atmosphere
  • 7.5 Growth and Propagation of Neutral Modes
  • Suggested References
• Chapter 8. The Planetary Boundary Layer
  • 8.1 Atmospheric Turbulence
  • 8.2 Turbulent Kinetic Energy
  • 8.3 Planetary Boundary Layer Momentum Equations
  • 8.4 Secondary Circulations and Spin Down
  • Suggested References
• Chapter 9. Mesoscale Circulations
  • 9.1 Energy Sources for Mesoscale Circulations
  • 9.2 Fronts and Frontogenesis
  • 9.3 Symmetric Baroclinic Instability
  • 9.4 Mountain Waves
  • 9.5 Cumulus Convection
  • 9.6 Convective Storms
  • 9.7 Hurricanes
  • Suggested References
• Chapter 10. The General Circulation
  • 10.1 The Nature of the Problem
  • 10.2 The Zonally Averaged Circulation
  • 10.3 The Angular Momentum Budget
  • 10.4 The Lorenz Energy Cycle
  • 10.5 Longitudinally Dependent Time-Averaged Flow
  • 10.6 Low-Frequency Variability
  • 10.7 Numerical Simulation of the General Circulation
  • 10.8 Climate Sensitivity, Feedbacks, and Uncertainty
  • Suggested References
• Chapter 11. Tropical Dynamics
  • 11.1 The Observed Structure of Large-Scale Tropical Circulations
  • 11.2 Scale Analysis of Large-Scale Tropical Motions
  • 11.3 Condensation Heating
  • 11.4 Equatorial Wave Theory
  • 11.5 Steady Forced Equatorial Motions
  • Suggested References
• Chapter 12. Middle Atmosphere Dynamics
  • 12.1 Structure and Circulation of the Middle Atmosphere
  • 12.2 The Zonal-Mean Circulation of the Middle Atmosphere
  • 12.3 Vertically Propagating Planetary Waves
  • 12.4 Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
  • 12.5 Waves in the Equatorial Stratosphere
  • 12.6 The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
  • 12.7 Trace Constituent Transport
  • Suggested References
• Chapter 13. Numerical Modeling and Prediction
  • 13.1 Historical Background
  • 13.2 Numerical Approximation of the Equations of Motion
  • 13.3 The Barotropic Vorticity Equation in Finite Differences
  • 13.4 The Spectral Method
  • 13.5 Primitive Equation Models
  • 13.6 Data Assimilation
  • 13.7 Predictability and Ensemble Forecasting
  • Suggested References
• Appendix A: Useful Constants and Parameters
• Appendix B: List of Symbols
• Appendix C: Vector Analysis
  • C.1 Vector Identities
  • C.2 Integral Theorems
  • C.3 Vector Operations in Various Coordinate Systems
• Appendix D: Moisture Variables
  • D.1 Equivalent Potential Temperature
  • D.2 Pseudoadiabatic Lapse Rate
• Appendix E: Standard Atmosphere Data
• Appendix F: Symmetric Baroclinic Oscillations
• Appendix G: Conditional Probability and Likelihood
• Index

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